Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

929 questions · 946 findings · 295 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 150 · 15.9%GRADE not reported 47 · 5%Very low 312 · 33%Low 262 · 27.7%Moderate 138 · 14.6%High 37 · 3.9%

Methylphenidate vs placebo or no intervention

Proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events · Children and adolescents with ADHD

It is very uncertain whether methylphenidate changes proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methylphenidate vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus doxycycline) · Children and adolescents with ADHD

It is very uncertain whether methylphenidate changes proportion of participants with one or more adverse events… compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D vs placebo

Rate of exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with one or more exacerbations treated… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D vs placebo

Patients with severe exacerbations (requiring hospitalisation or ER visit) · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with one or more exacerbations requiring… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D vs placebo

Proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events due to any cause · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sacral colpopexy: laparoscopic vs alternative approach

Prolapse on examination (Stage 2 or above) ‐ Any recurrent prolapse · women with apical vaginal prolapse

Sacral colpopexy: laparoscopic showed no clear difference in prolapse on examination (Stage 2 or more): Any recurrent prolapse compared with alternative approach (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Assistive technology for vision improvement interventions vs usual care or attention control

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community

It is very uncertain whether assistive technology for vision improvement interventions changes number of people who experienced 1 or more fall‐related fractures compared with usual care or attention control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Education vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community

It is very uncertain whether education interventions changes number of people who experienced 1 or more falls compared with control (e.g. usual care) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Education vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community

Education interventions showed no clear difference in number of people who experienced 1 or more fall‐related fractures compared with control (e.g. usual care) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Home fall‐hazard reduction vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · older people living in the community (included trials conducting pre‐ and/or post‐hospital discharge home visits focusing on fall…

Home fall‐hazard reduction probably leads to lower number of people who experienced 1 or more falls compared with control (e.g. usual care) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Home fall‐hazard reduction vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · older people living in the community (included trials conducting pre‐ and/or post‐hospital discharge home visits focusing on fall…

It is very uncertain whether home fall‐hazard reduction changes number of people who experienced 1 or more fall‐related fractures compared with control (e.g. usual care) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Home fall‐hazard reduction vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experience a fall that required hospital admission · older people living in the community (included trials conducting pre‐ and/or post‐hospital discharge home visits focusing on fall…

Home fall‐hazard reduction showed no clear difference in number of people who experienced 1 or more falls that resulted in… compared with control (e.g. usual care) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Assistive technology for vision improvement interventions vs usual care or attention control

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community

Assistive technology for vision improvement interventions showed no clear difference in number of people who experienced 1 or more falls compared with usual care or attention control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Incidence of a reduction in visual acuity of 10 ETDR letters or more · people with type 2 diabetes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Proportion of participants with 1 or more serious adverse events at maximum · adults with compensated or decompensated advanced chronic liver disease

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes proportion of participants with 1 or more serious adverse events at… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review