Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,230 questions · 1,303 findings · 326 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 73 · 5.6%GRADE not reported 21 · 1.6%Very low 497 · 38.1%Low 403 · 30.9%Moderate 245 · 18.8%High 64 · 4.9%

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) vs lower PUFA

Cardiovascular events · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) showed no clear difference in cardiovascular events compared with lower PUFA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) vs lower PUFA

Coronary heart disease mortality – CHD deaths · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) showed no clear difference in coronary heart disease mortality compared with lower PUFA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) vs lower PUFA

Atrial fibrillation and arrhythmias · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

It is very uncertain whether higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) changes atrial fibrillation and arrhythmias compared with lower PUFA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher BP target (< 150‐160/95‐105 mmHg) vs lower BP target (< 140/90 mmHg)

Serious adverse events: cardiovascular events · older adults with primary hypertension

Higher BP target (< 150‐160/95‐105 mmHg) showed no clear difference in cardiovascular serious adverse events compared with lower BP target (< 140/90 mmHg) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) vs vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s)

Adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialists Time frame: 3 months · children under 5 years of age

Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) showed no clear difference in adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialists Time frame: 3… compared with vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) vs vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s)

Hypercalcaemia · children under 5 years of age

Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) showed no clear difference in adverse effect: hypercalcaemia As defined by trialists Time frame:… compared with vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: Higher bladder volume vs lower bladder volume

Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · Men undergoing RT for prostate cancer

Summary of findings: Higher bladder volume showed no clear difference in acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) compared with lower bladder volume (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher threshold (500 mL per six hours or greater) vs lower threshold (less than 500 mL per six hours) at time of aspiration

Mortality (at the end of · adults receiving EN via nasogastric or gastrostomy tube

It is very uncertain whether higher threshold (500 mL per six hours or greater) changes mortality (at the end of compared with lower threshold (less than 500 mL per six hours) at time of aspiration (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review