Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,324 questions · 1,405 findings · 189 reviews

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No studies found 402 · 28.6%GRADE not reported 294 · 20.9%Very low 323 · 23%Low 232 · 16.5%Moderate 117 · 8.3%High 37 · 2.6%

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

PTSD diagnosis · various

Any early psychological intervention may leads to lower PTSD diagnosis: 3–6 months compared with waiting list/usual care (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.62 [0.41, 0.93]
5 studies · 758 participants
Low
Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.2, 4.49]
1 study · 132 participants
Very low

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Dropout · various

Any early psychological intervention showed no clear difference in dropouts from treatment compared with waiting list/usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.34 [0.91, 1.95]
11 studies · 1154 participants
Low

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Severity of PTSD symptoms · various

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 1921 participants
Low

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Depressive symptoms · various

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1009 participants
Low

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Anxiety · various

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 945 participants
Low

Any early psychological intervention vs active control

Dropout · various

Any early psychological intervention may leads to higher dropouts from treatment compared with active control condition (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.61 [1.11, 2.34]
2 studies · 425 participants
Low

Any early psychological intervention vs active control

Severity of PTSD symptoms · various

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 465 participants
Low

Any quality improvement intervention vs usual care

Proportion of participants attending screening (median · patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes eligible for diabetic retinopathy screening

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to increase attendance for diabetic retinopathy screening 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
56 studies · 329164 participants
Low

Any quality improvement intervention vs usual care

Ongoing adherence to screening · patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes eligible for diabetic retinopathy screening

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to increase attendance for diabetic retinopathy screening 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Any quality improvement intervention vs usual care

Economic Outcomes Resources used (staff time, equipment, consumables) · patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes eligible for diabetic retinopathy screening

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to increase attendance for diabetic retinopathy screening 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 85 participants
Low

Any quality improvement intervention vs usual care

Staff/personnel costs; costs of treatment and care; cost of primary care; lost wages and lost productivity · patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes eligible for diabetic retinopathy screening

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to increase attendance for diabetic retinopathy screening 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 85 participants
Low

Any method, procedure or policy to reduce contaminated aerosols in dental clinics vs Any other method, no treatment or combination of methods

Cost of the intervention · Dental healthcare providers (dentist, dental surgery assistant, dental hygienist, dental technologist, dental laboratory staff, dental…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious diseases 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
no estimate extracted
0 studies
No studies found

Any method, procedure or policy to reduce contaminated aerosols in dental clinics vs Any other method, no treatment or combination of methods

Acceptability and feasibility of the intervention to patients and dentists · Dental healthcare providers (dentist, dental surgery assistant, dental hygienist, dental technologist, dental laboratory staff, dental…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious diseases 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
no estimate extracted
0 studies
No studies found

Culturally adapted health literacy skills building course vs no/unrelated health literacy intervention

Health literacy – Multiple outcomes and measures used: (1) Generic health literacy Functional health literacy, TOFHLA (score · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 229 participants
Low

Culturally adapted health literacy skills building course vs no/unrelated health literacy intervention

Health‐related knowledge – Any health‐related knowledge standardised on score 0 (no knowledge) to 100 (perfect knowledge) Time point: short‐term (up to 1 month post‐intervention) · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 111 participants
Low

Culturally and literacy adapted audio‐/visual education without personal feedback vs no health literacy intervention

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 293 participants
Low

Fentanyl vs placebo

Pain ‐ fentanyl · adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia including the muscle relaxant rocuronium bromide

Fentanyl may leads to lower pain ‐ fentanyl compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological and non‐pharmacological interventions for reducing rocuronium bromide induced pain on injection in… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.42 [0.26, 0.7]
7 studies · 514 participants
Low

Paracervical vs placebo

Pain during uterine intervention ‐ Risk of any pain · patients with cervical dilatation and uterine intervention

Paracervical showed no clear difference in pain during uterine intervention ‐ Risk of any pain compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracervical local anaesthesia for cervical dilatation and uterine intervention 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.54, 1.34]
2 studies · 242 participants
Low

ANY FAMILY BASED INTERVENTIONS (>5 sessions) vs usual care

Hospital admissions · patients with schizophrenia

ANY FAMILY BASED INTERVENTIONS (>5 sessions) may leads to lower service utilisation: Hospital admission ‐ at about 12 months compared with STANDARD CARE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Family intervention for schizophrenia 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.78 [0.63, 0.98]
9 studies · 532 participants
Low

ANY FAMILY BASED INTERVENTIONS (>5 sessions) vs usual care

Relapse · patients with schizophrenia

ANY FAMILY BASED INTERVENTIONS (>5 sessions) may leads to lower global state: Relapse ‐ at about 12 months compared with STANDARD CARE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Family intervention for schizophrenia 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.55 [0.48, 0.62]
32 studies · 2981 participants
Low