Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

179 questions · 189 findings · 18 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 28 · 14.8%GRADE not reported 17 · 9%Very low 44 · 23.3%Low 53 · 28%Moderate 44 · 23.3%High 3 · 1.6%

Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation

Mortality at maximal · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous alcohol injection changes mortality at maximal compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation

Cancer‐related mortality at maximal · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

Percutaneous alcohol injection may leads to higher cancer‐related mortality at maximal compared with radiofrequency ablation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation

Serious adverse events (number of participants) · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous alcohol injection changes serious adverse events (number of participants) compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation

Serious adverse events (number of events) · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous alcohol injection changes serious adverse events (number of events) compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy vs conventional surgery

Disease‐specific quality of life · people requiring intervention for short saphenous vein varices
2 findings from 1 review

Ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy vs conventional surgery

Recanalisation or persistence of reflux at 6 weeks · people requiring intervention for short saphenous vein varices

Ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy showed no clear difference in recanalisation or persistence of reflux at 6 weeks compared with conventional surgery (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy vs conventional surgery

Recurrence of reflux at 1 year · people requiring intervention for short saphenous vein varices

Ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy showed no clear difference in recurrence of reflux at 1 year compared with conventional surgery (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review