Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,938 questions · 1,994 findings · 246 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 490 · 24.6%GRADE not reported 71 · 3.6%Very low 669 · 33.6%Low 446 · 22.4%Moderate 264 · 13.2%High 54 · 2.7%

Imiquimod vs placebo

Complete response · women with usual‐type vulval intraepithelial neoplasia

Summary of findings for imiquimod leads to higher response to treatment at 5 to 6 months ‐ complete response compared with placebo (high certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Imiquimod vs placebo

Response to treatment at 12 months ‐ overall response · women with usual‐type vulval intraepithelial neoplasia

Summary of findings for imiquimod probably leads to higher response to treatment at 12 months ‐ overall response compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Imiquimod vs cidofovir

Response to treatment at 6 months ‐ overall response · women with usual‐type vulval intraepithelial neoplasia

Summary of findings for imiquimod showed no clear difference in response to treatment at 6 months ‐ overall response compared with cidofovir (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION vs fusion

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with lumbar stenosis

It is very uncertain whether SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION changes pain Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Pain scores converted to 0 to 100 scale… compared with FUSION (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR FUSION vs INTERSPINOUS SPACERS

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with lumbar stenosis

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR FUSION showed no clear difference in pain Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Pain scores converted to 0 to 100 scale… compared with INTERSPINOUS SPACERS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR FUSION vs INTERSPINOUS SPACERS

Disability Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Disability scores converted to 0 to 100 scale to allow for comparison of different disability scales (RMDQ, ODI, JOA) · patients with lumbar stenosis

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR FUSION may leads to higher disability Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Disability scores converted to 0… compared with INTERSPINOUS SPACERS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR FUSION vs INTERSPINOUS SPACERS

Total operative and perioperative blood loss (mL) ( · patients with lumbar stenosis

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR FUSION probably leads to higher blood loss Amount of perioperative blood loss reported in mL compared with INTERSPINOUS SPACERS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION vs fusion

Disability Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Disability scores converted to 0 to 100 scale to allow for comparison of different disability scales (RMDQ, ODI, JOA) · patients with lumbar stenosis

It is very uncertain whether SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION changes disability Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Disability scores converted to 0… compared with FUSION (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review