Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,783 questions · 10,022 findings · 882 reviews

No studies found 2,100 · 21%GRADE not reported 1,013 · 10.1%Very low 2,237 · 22.3%Low 2,514 · 25.1%Moderate 1,709 · 17.1%High 449 · 4.5%

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Regimens containing quinolone vs regimens containing cephalosporin

Adverse events: any antibiotic‐related adverse event leading to discontinuation of therapy · women with PID

It is very uncertain whether regimens containing quinolone changes adverse events: any antibiotic‐related adverse event leading to… compared with regimens containing cephalosporins (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens containing nitroimidazole vs no nitroimidazole

Adverse events: any antibiotic‐related adverse event leading to discontinuation of therapy · women with PID

Regimens containing nitroimidazole showed no clear difference in adverse events: any antibiotic‐related adverse event leading to… compared with no nitroimidazole (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Clindamycin plus aminoglycoside vs regimens containing quinolone

Adverse events: any antibiotic‐related adverse event leading to discontinuation of therapy · women with PID

It is very uncertain whether regimens containing clindamycin plus aminoglycoside changes adverse events: any antibiotic‐related adverse event leading to… compared with regimens containing quinolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Clindamycin plus aminoglycoside vs regimens containing cephalosporin

Adverse events: any antibiotic‐related adverse event leading to discontinuation of therapy · women with PID

It is very uncertain whether regimens containing clindamycin plus aminoglycoside changes adverse events: any antibiotic‐related adverse event leading to… compared with regimens containing cephalosporin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens containing macrolides (azithromycin) vs regimens containing tetracycline (doxycycline)

Adverse events: any antibiotic‐related adverse event leading to discontinuation of therapy · women with PID

Regimens containing macrolides (azithromycin) showed no clear difference in adverse events: any antibiotic‐related adverse event leading to… compared with regimens containing tetracycline (doxycycline) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alteplase vs urokinase

Overall treatment failure, including mortality, thoracic surgery or referral for further fibrinolytic therapy · adult parapneumonic effusions and empyema

Alteplase showed no clear difference in overall treatment failure, including mortality, thoracic surgery or… compared with urokinase (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fibrinolytics vs placebo

Overall treatment failure, including mortality, thoracic surgery or referral for further fibrinolytic therapy · adult parapneumonic effusions and empyema

It is very uncertain whether fibrinolytics changes overall treatment failure, including mortality, thoracic surgery or… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Streptokinase vs urokinase

Overall treatment failure, including mortality, thoracic surgery or referral for further fibrinolytic therapy · adult parapneumonic effusions and empyema

Streptokinase showed no clear difference in overall treatment failure, including mortality, thoracic surgery or… compared with urokinase (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: no adjuvant treatment Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 5‐ to 6‐year · people with glioma surviving at least two years

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: no adjuvant treatment… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: no adjuvant treatment Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 12 year · people with glioma surviving at least two years

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: no adjuvant treatment… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: no adjuvant treatment Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 2 year · people with glioma surviving at least two years

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: no adjuvant treatment… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: chemotherapy Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 3 year · people with glioma surviving at least two years

The intervention showed no clear difference in intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: chemotherapy Outcome:… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Intervention: high‐dose radiotherapy Comparison: low‐dose radiotherapy Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 2 years after treatment · people with glioma surviving at least two years

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes intervention: high‐dose radiotherapy Comparison: low‐dose… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Intervention: high‐dose radiotherapy Comparison: low‐dose radiotherapy Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 5 years after treatment · people with glioma surviving at least two years

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes intervention: high‐dose radiotherapy Comparison: low‐dose… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Intervention: chemoradiotherapy Comparison: radiotherapy Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 3 years after treatment · people with glioma surviving at least two years

The intervention showed no clear difference in intervention: chemoradiotherapy Comparison: radiotherapy Outcome:… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Intervention: stereotactic conformal radiotherapy Comparison: radiotherapy Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 5 years after treatment · people with glioma surviving at least two years

The intervention showed no clear difference in intervention: stereotactic conformal radiotherapy Comparison:… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review