Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,782 questions · 1,852 findings · 128 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care

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No studies found 557 · 30.1%GRADE not reported 53 · 2.9%Very low 446 · 24.1%Low 476 · 25.7%Moderate 255 · 13.8%High 65 · 3.5%

Intervention not reported

Equity of health care · health outcomes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

District manager job‐posting vacancy rates · health outcomes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

District managers’ knowledge · health outcomes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

District managers’ skills · health outcomes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Clinical outcomes (fasting blood glucose,random blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, blood cholesterol, peak expiratory flow rate; · Pharmacies or pharmacists delivering services in outpatient settings and patients with various diseases*

1 finding from 1 review

The effect of pharmacist‐provided non‐dispensing services on patient outcomes, health service utilisation and costs in… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 1791 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Quality of life ( · Pharmacies or pharmacists delivering services in outpatient settings and patients with various diseases*

1 finding from 1 review

The effect of pharmacist‐provided non‐dispensing services on patient outcomes, health service utilisation and costs in… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 777 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Health service utilisation (rate of hospitalisation, emergency room visits, general practitioner visits; · Pharmacies or pharmacists delivering services in outpatient settings and patients with various diseases*

1 finding from 1 review

The effect of pharmacist‐provided non‐dispensing services on patient outcomes, health service utilisation and costs in… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 590 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Cost ( · Pharmacies or pharmacists delivering services in outpatient settings and patients with various diseases*

1 finding from 1 review

The effect of pharmacist‐provided non‐dispensing services on patient outcomes, health service utilisation and costs in… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 350 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Patient Outcome Asthma symptom score (0‐9 score, where 9 indicates maximum impairment and 0 indicates no impairment) ( · Pharmacies or pharmacists delivering services in outpatient settings and asthmatic patients

1 finding from 1 review

The effect of pharmacist‐provided non‐dispensing services on patient outcomes, health service utilisation and costs in… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Health Service Utilisation · Pharmacies or pharmacists delivering services in outpatient settings and asthmatic patients

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

The effect of pharmacist‐provided non‐dispensing services on patient outcomes, health service utilisation and costs in… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Cost · Pharmacies or pharmacists delivering services in outpatient settings and asthmatic patients

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

The effect of pharmacist‐provided non‐dispensing services on patient outcomes, health service utilisation and costs in… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Fee‐for‐service (FFS) vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

Measures of clinical activity: mean percentage of 12- to 14-year-olds receiving fissure sealants for second permanent molars per dentist (weighted by number of children seen) - adjusted · Dentists seeing children with erupted second permanent molars (Scotland, in areas representing the four most deprived categories out of…

It is very uncertain whether fee-for-service remuneration changes measures of clinical activity: mean percentage of 12- to… compared with no specific intervention (control) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
18 months
RD 9.8 [1.8, 17.8]
1 study · 133 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Compliance with desired practice (dichotomous outcomes) · Healthcare professionals

1 finding from 1 review

Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Compliance with desired practice (continuous outcomes) · Healthcare professionals

1 finding from 1 review

Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Patient outcomes (dichotomous) · Healthcare professionals

1 finding from 1 review

Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Patient outcomes (continuous) · Healthcare professionals

1 finding from 1 review

Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

HAPU rate · nurses, and patients admitted with a Braden score less than or equal to 18 (i.e. at risk of developing HAPUs)

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of organisational infrastructures to promote evidence‐based nursing practice 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Incident reporting rate · healthcare professionals

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to increase clinical incident reporting in health care 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 4 participants
Very low

Interventions designed to improve any type of continuity vs usual care

Functional ability · cancer patients

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve continuity of care in the follow‐up of patients with cancer 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 3966 participants
Very low

Interventions designed to improve any type of continuity vs usual care

Physical status Multiple scales. Scale from: 0 to 100. · cancer patients

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve continuity of care in the follow‐up of patients with cancer 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
25 studies · 5070 participants
Very low