Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,808 questions · 8,953 findings · 827 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 1,891 · 21.1%GRADE not reported 380 · 4.2%Very low 2,100 · 23.5%Low 2,449 · 27.4%Moderate 1,684 · 18.8%High 449 · 5%

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Regimens containing nitroimidazole vs no nitroimidazole

Adverse events: any antibiotic‐related adverse event leading to discontinuation of therapy · women with PID

Regimens containing nitroimidazole showed no clear difference in adverse events: any antibiotic‐related adverse event leading to… compared with no nitroimidazole (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Clindamycin plus aminoglycoside vs regimens containing quinolone

Adverse events: any antibiotic‐related adverse event leading to discontinuation of therapy · women with PID

It is very uncertain whether regimens containing clindamycin plus aminoglycoside changes adverse events: any antibiotic‐related adverse event leading to… compared with regimens containing quinolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Clindamycin plus aminoglycoside vs regimens containing cephalosporin

Adverse events: any antibiotic‐related adverse event leading to discontinuation of therapy · women with PID

It is very uncertain whether regimens containing clindamycin plus aminoglycoside changes adverse events: any antibiotic‐related adverse event leading to… compared with regimens containing cephalosporin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens containing macrolides (azithromycin) vs regimens containing tetracycline (doxycycline)

Adverse events: any antibiotic‐related adverse event leading to discontinuation of therapy · women with PID

Regimens containing macrolides (azithromycin) showed no clear difference in adverse events: any antibiotic‐related adverse event leading to… compared with regimens containing tetracycline (doxycycline) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alteplase vs urokinase

Overall treatment failure, including mortality, thoracic surgery or referral for further fibrinolytic therapy · adult parapneumonic effusions and empyema

Alteplase showed no clear difference in overall treatment failure, including mortality, thoracic surgery or… compared with urokinase (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fibrinolytics vs placebo

Overall treatment failure, including mortality, thoracic surgery or referral for further fibrinolytic therapy · adult parapneumonic effusions and empyema

It is very uncertain whether fibrinolytics changes overall treatment failure, including mortality, thoracic surgery or… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Streptokinase vs urokinase

Overall treatment failure, including mortality, thoracic surgery or referral for further fibrinolytic therapy · adult parapneumonic effusions and empyema

Streptokinase showed no clear difference in overall treatment failure, including mortality, thoracic surgery or… compared with urokinase (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: no adjuvant treatment Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 5‐ to 6‐year · people with glioma surviving at least two years

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: no adjuvant treatment… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: no adjuvant treatment Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 12 year · people with glioma surviving at least two years

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: no adjuvant treatment… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: no adjuvant treatment Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 2 year · people with glioma surviving at least two years

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: no adjuvant treatment… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: chemotherapy Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 3 year · people with glioma surviving at least two years

The intervention showed no clear difference in intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: chemotherapy Outcome:… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Intervention: high‐dose radiotherapy Comparison: low‐dose radiotherapy Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 2 years after treatment · people with glioma surviving at least two years

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes intervention: high‐dose radiotherapy Comparison: low‐dose… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Intervention: high‐dose radiotherapy Comparison: low‐dose radiotherapy Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 5 years after treatment · people with glioma surviving at least two years

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes intervention: high‐dose radiotherapy Comparison: low‐dose… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Intervention: chemoradiotherapy Comparison: radiotherapy Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 3 years after treatment · people with glioma surviving at least two years

The intervention showed no clear difference in intervention: chemoradiotherapy Comparison: radiotherapy Outcome:… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Intervention: stereotactic conformal radiotherapy Comparison: radiotherapy Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 5 years after treatment · people with glioma surviving at least two years

The intervention showed no clear difference in intervention: stereotactic conformal radiotherapy Comparison:… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hyperbaric oxygen vs air breathing to enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy

Failure of local tumour control ‐ not reported · People undergoing radiation therapy for head and neck cancer

Hyperbaric oxygen probably leads to lower failure of local tumour control (local control) compared with air breathing to enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review