What do systematic reviews say?

Patient-used 250 ppm F mouthrinse (100 ppm amine F/150 ppm NaF), daily vs 0 ppm F placebo mouthrinse, daily

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Fluorides for preventing early tooth decay (demineralised lesions) during fixed brace treatment 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  At debond (end of orthodontic treatment)
  SoF 4. Adverse effects: none of the trials reported this outcome.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Fluoride varnish vs Non-fluoride (placebo) varnish

Professionally-applied fluoride varnish (7700 ppm F ammonium… may leads to lower number of participants with more severe DLs (score 3 or 4 versus 1… compared with non-fluoride (placebo) varnish (low certainty).

• Fluorides for preventing early tooth decay (demineralised lesions) during fixed brace treatment 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  At debond; follow-up 1.7 years
  RR 0.46 [0.22, 0.95]
  1 study · 148 participants
  Low

Resin-modified glass ionomer cement for bonding orthodontic brackets vs Composite resin for bonding brackets

Resin-modified glass ionomer cement for bonding orthodontic brackets showed no clear difference in number of participants with new demineralised lesions (DLs) compared with light-cured composite resin for bonding brackets (low certainty).

• Fluorides for preventing early tooth decay (demineralised lesions) during fixed brace treatment 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  At debond; follow-up 17.6 months
  RR 1.17 [0.69, 1.99]
  1 study · 173 participants
  Low

Slow-release fluoride device (fluoride glass beads) vs Fluoride mouthrinse

• Fluorides for preventing early tooth decay (demineralised lesions) during fixed brace treatment 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  At debond; follow-up 19 months
  Additional SoF Table 3. Adverse effects: current design of the fluoride glass bead inadequate; high attrition partly due to bead breakages ('an improved method of attachment is needed'). 37 participants (1 RCT, Luther…
  1 study · 37 participants
  Very low

Resin-modified glass ionomer cement for bonding orthodontic brackets vs Composite resin for bonding brackets

• Fluorides for preventing early tooth decay (demineralised lesions) during fixed brace treatment 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  At debond; follow-up 17.6 months
  SoF 5. Adverse effects: no evidence that either intervention had adverse effects. 173 participants (1 RCT, Benson 2019); certainty LOW.
  1 study · 173 participants
  Low

Resin-modified glass ionomer cement for bonding orthodontic brackets vs Composite resin for bonding brackets

Resin-modified glass ionomer cement for bonding orthodontic brackets showed no clear difference in number of participants with more severe DLs of aesthetic concern compared with light-cured composite resin for bonding brackets (low certainty).

• Fluorides for preventing early tooth decay (demineralised lesions) during fixed brace treatment 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  At debond; follow-up 17.6 months
  RR 1.18 [0.45, 3.12]
  1 study · 173 participants
  Low

12,500 ppm F (NaF/olaflur/dectaflur) amine fluoride gel, professionally applied every 3 months plus home use vs Placebo gel

It is very uncertain whether 12,500 ppm F (NaF/olaflur/dectaflur) amine fluoride gel,… changes number of participants with new demineralised lesions (DLs) compared with 0 ppm F placebo gel (very low certainty).

• Fluorides for preventing early tooth decay (demineralised lesions) during fixed brace treatment 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  At debond; mean follow-up 16.6 months
  RR 0.99 [0.76, 1.27]
  1 study · 312 participants
  Very low

Patient-used 250 ppm F mouthrinse (100 ppm amine F/150 ppm NaF), daily vs 0 ppm F placebo mouthrinse, daily

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Fluorides for preventing early tooth decay (demineralised lesions) during fixed brace treatment 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  At debond (end of orthodontic treatment)
  SoF 4. Number of participants with more severe DLs: none of the trials reported this outcome.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Bispectral index vs clinical signs

Bispectral index may leads to lower occurrence of intraoperative awareness Time points of measure after… compared with clinical signs (low certainty).

• Bispectral index for improving intraoperative awareness and early postoperative recovery in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Peto OR 0.36 [0.21, 0.6]
  27 studies · 9765 participants
  Low

Bispectral index vs clinical signs

• Bispectral index for improving intraoperative awareness and early postoperative recovery in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  22 studies · 1494 participants
  Low

Bispectral index vs clinical signs

• Bispectral index for improving intraoperative awareness and early postoperative recovery in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 273 participants
  Low

Bispectral index vs clinical signs

• Bispectral index for improving intraoperative awareness and early postoperative recovery in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  13 studies · 930 participants
  Low

Bispectral index vs ETAG

BIS showed no clear difference in occurrence of intraoperative awareness Time points of measure after… compared with ETAG (low certainty).

• Bispectral index for improving intraoperative awareness and early postoperative recovery in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Peto OR 1.13 [0.56, 2.26]
  5 studies · 26572 participants
  Low

Bispectral index vs ETAG

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Bispectral index for improving intraoperative awareness and early postoperative recovery in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Bispectral index vs ETAG

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Bispectral index for improving intraoperative awareness and early postoperative recovery in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Bispectral index vs ETAG

• Bispectral index for improving intraoperative awareness and early postoperative recovery in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 15452 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  13 studies · 1156 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 190 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 1075 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 271 participants
  Very low