Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,543 questions · 2,589 findings · 168 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 601 · 23.2%GRADE not reported 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%

Lithium as sole treatment vs placebo

Clinically significant response on manic symptoms at least 50% Bech‐Rafaelsen improvement · schizophrenia

Lithium as sole treatment showed no clear difference in clinically significant response on manic symptoms at least 50%… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium as sole treatment vs placebo

Clinically significant response on positive symptoms at least 50% MS improvement · schizophrenia

Lithium as sole treatment showed no clear difference in clinically significant response on positive symptoms at least 50% MS… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium as sole treatment vs placebo

Kidney dysfunction outcome not available in any study · schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium as sole treatment vs placebo

Thyroid dysfunction outcome not available in any study · schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium vs antipsychotics

Response to treatment clinically relevant response as defined by the authors · schizophrenia

Lithium showed no clear difference in response to treatment clinically relevant response as defined by the… compared with antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium vs antipsychotics

Acceptability ‐ total dropouts · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether lithium changes acceptability of treatment leaving early due to any reason compared with antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SUPPORTIVE THERAPY vs usual care

Relapse · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether SUPPORTIVE THERAPY changes global state: Relapse compared with STANDARD CARE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SUPPORTIVE THERAPY vs ANY OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PSYCHOSOCIAL TREATMENT

Satisfaction with treatment: Recipient of care not satisfied with treatment · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether SUPPORTIVE THERAPY changes satisfaction with treatment: Recipient of care not satisfied with… compared with ANY OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PSYCHOSOCIAL TREATMENT (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SUPPORTIVE THERAPY vs cognitive behavioural therapy

Mental state: No clinically important improvement · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether SUPPORTIVE THERAPY changes mental state: No clinically important improvement compared with COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SUPPORTIVE THERAPY vs usual care

Service outcomes: Hospitalisation · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether SUPPORTIVE THERAPY changes service outcomes: Hospitalisation compared with STANDARD CARE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SUPPORTIVE THERAPY vs cognitive behavioural therapy

Satisfaction with treatment: Recipient of care not satisfied with treatment · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether SUPPORTIVE THERAPY changes satisfaction with treatment: Recipient of care not satisfied with… compared with COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review