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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,558 questions in 115 reviews · Vascular
current versionsNo studies 346 · 22.2%Ungraded 90 · 5.8%Very low 281 · 18%Low 477 · 30.6%Moderate 313 · 20.1%High 51 · 3.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Continuous infusion vs forced (or pulse) infusion of thrombolytic agents Amputation ( · patients with less than 42 days' lower limb ischaemiaa Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 164 participants | Very low |
Continuous infusion vs forced (or pulse) infusion of thrombolytic agents 30‐Day mortality · patients with less than 42 days' lower limb ischaemiaa Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 304 participants | Very low |
Continuous infusion vs forced (or pulse) infusion of thrombolytic agents Vessel patency (up to 30 days) · patients with less than 42 days' lower limb ischaemiaa Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 304 participants | Very low |
Continuous infusion vs forced (or pulse) infusion of thrombolytic agents Duration of thrombolysis (to end of treatment) · patients with less than 42 days' lower limb ischaemiaa Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 304 participants | Very low |
Intra‐arterial delivery vs intravenous delivery Amputation (up to 6 months) · patients with < 30 days' limb ischaemiaa Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 78 participants | Low |
Continuous infusion vs forced (or pulse) infusion of thrombolytic agents CVA ( · patients with less than 42 days' lower limb ischaemiaa Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 304 participants | Very low |
Continuous infusion vs forced (or pulse) infusion of thrombolytic agents Major bleeding ( · patients with less than 42 days' lower limb ischaemiaa Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 304 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR 30‐Day amputation‐free survival · patients with less than 42 days' lower limb ischaemia Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Amputation ( · patients with less than 42 days' lower limb ischaemia Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR 30‐Day mortality · patients with less than 42 days' lower limb ischaemia Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Vessel patency ( · patients with less than 42 days' lower limb ischaemia Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.2 [0.39, 3.69] | 1 study · 70 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Duration of thrombolysis ( · patients with less than 42 days' lower limb ischaemia Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Low |
Intervention NR CVA ( · patients with less than 42 days' lower limb ischaemia Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Major bleeding ( · patients with less than 42 days' lower limb ischaemia Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.25 [0.01, 4.9] | 1 study · 70 participants | Very low |
Intra‐arterial delivery vs intravenous delivery 30‐Day mortality · patients with < 30 days' limb ischaemiaa Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 78 participants | Low |
Intra‐arterial delivery vs intravenous delivery Vessel patency ‐ radiological success ‐ complete (to end of treatment) · patients with < 30 days' limb ischaemiaa Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | OR 13.22 [2.79, 62.67] | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
Intra‐arterial delivery vs intravenous delivery Duration of thrombolysis (to end of treatment) · patients with < 30 days' limb ischaemiaa Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 78 participants | Very low |
Intra‐arterial delivery vs intravenous delivery CVA (up to 6 months) · patients with < 30 days' limb ischaemiaa Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 78 participants | Very low |
Intra‐arterial delivery vs intravenous delivery Major bleeding (up to 6 months) · patients with < 30 days' limb ischaemiaa Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.12 [0.01, 2.53] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
High‐dose vs low‐dose regimens of thrombolytic agents 30‐Day amputation‐free survival · patients with < 42 days' limb ischaemiaa Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 302 participants | Very low |
High‐dose vs low‐dose regimens of thrombolytic agents Amputation ( · patients with < 42 days' limb ischaemiaa Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 302 participants | Very low |
Valvuloplasty plus surgery of the superficial venous system vs surgery of the superficial venous system Ulcer healing and recurrence · people with non‐severe primary valvular incompetence Surgery for deep venous insufficiency (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Valvuloplasty plus surgery of the superficial venous system vs surgery of the superficial venous system Complications of surgery (2–10 years) · people with non‐severe primary valvular incompetence Surgery for deep venous insufficiency (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 105 participants | Very low |
Valvuloplasty plus surgery of the superficial venous system vs surgery of the superficial venous system Clinical changes (CEAP classification scoring for clinical outcomes after surgery) (3 years) · people with non‐severe primary valvular incompetence Surgery for deep venous insufficiency (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 208 participants | Low |
Valvuloplasty plus surgery of the superficial venous system vs surgery of the superficial venous system Health‐related quality of life (VAS, ranging from 0 (no problem) to 10 (most severe problem) for each of 10‐items, cumulated score) (10 years) · people with non‐severe primary valvular incompetence Surgery for deep venous insufficiency (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
Valvuloplasty plus surgery of the superficial venous system vs surgery of the superficial venous system Pain (VAS, ranging from 0 (no problem) to 10 (most severe problem) for 1 of 10‐items, pain/discomfort score) (10 years) · people with non‐severe primary valvular incompetence Surgery for deep venous insufficiency (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 75 participants | Very low |
Foam sclerotherapy vs placebo Cosmetic appearance (IPR‐V) (Scale from: 0 to 4; 0 being the best appearance (0: none, 1: mild, 2: moderate, 3: severe, 4: very severe)) · participants with varicose veinsa Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 223 participants | Very low |
Foam sclerotherapy vs foam sclerotherapy QoL · participants with varicose veinsa Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Foam sclerotherapy vs foam sclerotherapy Persistence of symptoms · participants with varicose veinsa Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Foam sclerotherapy vs foam sclerotherapy Recurrent varicose veins · participants with varicose veinsa Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.62, 1.32] | 1 study · 148 participants | Low |
Foam sclerotherapy vs liquid sclerotherapy Cosmetic appearance (patient satisfaction scale, the higher the better) · participants with varicose veinsa Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 126 participants | Very low |
Foam sclerotherapy vs liquid sclerotherapy Complications ‐ DVT · participants with varicose veinsa Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Foam sclerotherapy vs liquid sclerotherapy Residual varicose veins · participants with varicose veinsa Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.51 [0.41, 0.65] | 2 studies · 203 participants | Very low |
Foam sclerotherapy vs liquid sclerotherapy QoL · participants with varicose veinsa Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Foam sclerotherapy vs liquid sclerotherapy Persistence of symptoms · participants with varicose veinsa Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Foam sclerotherapy vs liquid sclerotherapy Recurrent varicose veins · participants with varicose veinsa Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.86, 1.42] | 1 study · 286 participants | Very low |
Sclerotherapy vs sclerotherapy with different substances Cosmetic appearance · participants with varicose veinsb Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Foam sclerotherapy vs placebo Complications ‐ DVT · participants with varicose veinsa Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | RR 5.1 [1.3, 20.01] | 3 studies · 302 participants | Very low |
Sclerotherapy vs sclerotherapy with different substances Complications ‐ DVT · participants with varicose veinsb Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sclerotherapy vs sclerotherapy with different substances Residual varicose veins · participants with varicose veinsb Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sclerotherapy vs sclerotherapy with different substances QoL · participants with varicose veinsb Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sclerotherapy vs sclerotherapy with different substances Persistence of symptoms · participants with varicose veinsb Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sclerotherapy vs sclerotherapy with different substances Recurrent varicose veins · participants with varicose veinsb Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Foam sclerotherapy vs placebo Residual varicose veins · participants with varicose veinsa Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.19 [0.13, 0.29] | 2 studies · 225 participants | Very low |
Foam sclerotherapy vs placebo QoL (VEINES‐QOL/Sym;scale from: 0 to 50 with 0 being the worst and 50 better) · participants with varicose veinsa Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 299 participants | Very low |
Foam sclerotherapy vs placebo Persistence of symptoms (VCSS) · participants with varicose veinsa Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 223 participants | Low |
Foam sclerotherapy vs placebo Recurrent varicose veins · participants with varicose veinsa Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Foam sclerotherapy vs foam sclerotherapy Cosmetic appearance (self‐described cosmetic improvement) · participants with varicose veinsa Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.84, 1.47] | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Foam sclerotherapy vs foam sclerotherapy Complications ‐ thromboembolic · participants with varicose veinsa Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.47 [0.41, 5.33] | 3 studies · 371 participants | Very low |
Foam sclerotherapy vs foam sclerotherapy Residual varicose veins · participants with varicose veinsa Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.43, 1.04] | 3 studies · 371 participants | Moderate |