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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,751 questions in 147 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care
current versionsNo studies 361 · 20.6%Ungraded 87 · 5%Very low 625 · 35.7%Low 367 · 21%Moderate 232 · 13.2%High 79 · 4.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Hydromorphone vs morphine Participant‐reported pain relief · people with moderate to severe cancer pain Hydromorphone for cancer pain (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.84, 1.18] | 1 study · 233 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron Interventions (corticosteroids included in all regimens)a · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron casopitant + ondansetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 39 studies · 21642 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron rolapitant + granisetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 39 studies · 21642 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron rolapitant + ondansetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 39 studies · 21642 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: serious adverse events (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron Interventions (corticosteroids included in all regimens)a · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: serious adverse events (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron aprepitant + ondansetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 23 studies · 16065 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: serious adverse events (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron fosaprepitant + ondansetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 23 studies · 16065 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: serious adverse events (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron casopitant + ondansetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 23 studies · 16065 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: serious adverse events (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron netupitant + palonosetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 23 studies · 16065 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: serious adverse events (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron aprepitant + ramosetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 23 studies · 16065 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: serious adverse events (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron fosaprepitant + palonosetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 23 studies · 16065 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron fosnetupitant + palonosetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 39 studies · 21642 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: serious adverse events (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron fosnetupitant + palonosetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 23 studies · 16065 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: serious adverse events (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron fosaprepitant + granisetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 23 studies · 16065 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: serious adverse events (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron aprepitant + palonosetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 23 studies · 16065 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: serious adverse events (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron rolapitant + granisetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 23 studies · 16065 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (MEC) when vs treatment with granisetron Interventions (corticosteroids included in all regimens)a · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (MEC) when vs treatment with granisetron aprepitant + palonosetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 22 studies · 7800 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (MEC) when vs treatment with granisetron netupitant + palonosetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 22 studies · 7800 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (MEC) when vs treatment with granisetron rolapitant + granisetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 22 studies · 7800 participants | High |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (MEC) when vs treatment with granisetron palonosetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 22 studies · 7800 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (MEC) when vs treatment with granisetron aprepitant + granisetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 22 studies · 7800 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron aprepitant + palonosetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 39 studies · 21642 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (MEC) when vs treatment with granisetron azasetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 22 studies · 7800 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (MEC) when vs treatment with granisetron fosaprepitant + ondansetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 22 studies · 7800 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (MEC) when vs treatment with granisetron aprepitant + ondansetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 22 studies · 7800 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (MEC) when vs treatment with granisetron casopitant + ondansetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 22 studies · 7800 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (MEC) when vs treatment with granisetron ondansetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 22 studies · 7800 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: serious adverse events (MEC) when vs treatment with granisetron Interventions (corticosteroids included in all regimens)a · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: serious adverse events (MEC) when vs treatment with granisetron rolapitant + granisetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1344 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron aprepitant + ramosetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 39 studies · 21642 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron fosaprepitant + palonosetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 39 studies · 21642 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron netupitant + palonosetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 39 studies · 21642 participants | High |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron fosaprepitant + granisetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 39 studies · 21642 participants | High |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron aprepitant + ondansetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 39 studies · 21642 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: complete control of vomiting during the overall phase (HEC) when vs treatment with aprepitant + granisetron fosaprepitant + ondansetron · adult cancer patients at risk for CINV caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 39 studies · 21642 participants | Low |
Intravenous ketorolac vs placebo Number of participants with at least 50% pain relief over 4 hours · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic… Single‐dose intravenous ketorolac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.81 [1.8, 4.37] | 8 studies · 658 participants | Very low |
Intravenous ketorolac vs another NSAID Number of participants using rescue medication over 4 or 6 hours post interventions · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic… Single‐dose intravenous ketorolac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.58, 1.4] | 3 studies · 260 participants | Very low |
Intravenous ketorolac vs another NSAID Number of participants reporting any adverse event · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic… Single‐dose intravenous ketorolac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [1, 1.23] | 5 studies · 516 participants | Moderate |
Intravenous ketorolac vs another NSAID Number of participants experiencing a serious adverse event · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic… Single‐dose intravenous ketorolac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 3.18 [0.13, 76.99] | 5 studies · 530 participants | Low |
Intravenous ketorolac vs placebo Number of participants with at least 50% pain relief over 6 hours · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic… Single‐dose intravenous ketorolac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 3.26 [1.93, 5.51] | 10 studies · 914 participants | Low |
Intravenous ketorolac vs placebo Median time to use of rescue medication · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic… Single‐dose intravenous ketorolac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 633 participants | Moderate |
Intravenous ketorolac vs placebo Number of participants using rescue medication over 4 or 6 hours post‐interventions · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic… Single‐dose intravenous ketorolac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 [0.36, 1] | 5 studies · 417 participants | Very low |
Intravenous ketorolac vs placebo Number of participants reporting any adverse event · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic… Single‐dose intravenous ketorolac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [1, 1.19] | 8 studies · 810 participants | Moderate |
Intravenous ketorolac vs placebo Number of participants experiencing a serious adverse event · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic… Single‐dose intravenous ketorolac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.62 [0.13, 3.03] | 8 studies · 703 participants | Low |
Intravenous ketorolac vs another NSAID Number of participants with at least 50% pain relief over 4 hours · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic… Single‐dose intravenous ketorolac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.89, 1.21] | 4 studies · 337 participants | Low |
Intravenous ketorolac vs another NSAID Number of participants with at least 50% pain relief over 6 hours · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic… Single‐dose intravenous ketorolac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.95, 1.19] | 6 studies · 603 participants | Moderate |
Intravenous ketorolac vs another NSAID Median time to use of rescue medication · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic… Single‐dose intravenous ketorolac for acute postoperative pain in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 427 participants | Low |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ Ibuprofen vs Placebo Number of participants with at least 50% pain relief at 4 hours · health problem or population Single‐dose intravenous ibuprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.44 [0.77, 2.66] | 1 study · 126 participants | Very low |