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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Population

Intervention or exposure

Comparison

Outcome

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Review versions

1,852 questions in 128 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care

current versions

No studies 557 · 30.1%Ungraded 53 · 2.9%Very low 446 · 24.1%Low 476 · 25.7%Moderate 255 · 13.8%High 65 · 3.5%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Lay health worker‐led psychosocial interventions vs usual or no care PTS symptoms (1 to 6 months post intervention) Child post‐traumatic stress scale (higher score = higher severity) · children/adolescents with post‐traumatic stress and related depressive/anxiety symptoms Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 1090 participants	Low
Lay health worker‐led psychosocial interventions vs usual or no care Quality of life · children/adolescents with post‐traumatic stress and related depressive/anxiety symptoms Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Lay health worker‐led psychosocial interventions vs usual or no care Functional impairment (1 to 6 months post intervention) Locally developed functional scale (higher score = higher impairment) · children/adolescents with post‐traumatic stress and related depressive/anxiety symptoms Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 1092 participants	Moderate
Primary‐level worker‐led collaborative care vs usual care Quality of life ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) EQ‐5Di; SF‐36c,m; WHOQOL‐BREFe,j,n (higher score = better quality of life) · adults with common mental disorders Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	6 studies · 2199 participants	Low
Lay health worker‐led psychosocial interventions vs usual or no care Service utilisation · children/adolescents with post‐traumatic stress and related depressive/anxiety symptoms Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Lay health worker‐led psychosocial interventions vs usual or no care Adverse events (during intervention) · children/adolescents with post‐traumatic stress and related depressive/anxiety symptoms Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 809 participants	Low
Community professional‐led interventions vs no care Recovery from probable PTSD in children (< 1 month post intervention) Defined by number of participants whose CRIES‐13 score was above cutoff for diagnosis of PTSD at baseline ‐ number of participants whose CRIES‐13 score was above cutoff for the ... · children/adolescents with post‐traumatic stress and related depressive/anxiety symptoms Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	RR 3.93 [1.31, 11.8]	1 study · 78 participants	Very low
Community professional‐led interventions vs no care Prevalence of PTSD · children/adolescents with post‐traumatic stress and related depressive/anxiety symptoms Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Community professional‐led interventions vs no care PTS symptoms (1 to 6 months post intervention) Harvard Trauma Questionnairec; PTSD‐RId; UCLA PTSD indexe (higher score = higher severity) · children/adolescents with post‐traumatic stress and related depressive/anxiety symptoms Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 679 participants	Very low
Community professional‐led interventions vs no care Depression symptoms (1 to 6 months post intervention) Beck Depression Inventorye; Oxford Measure of Psychosocial Adjustmentd (higher score = higher severity) · children/adolescents with post‐traumatic stress and related depressive/anxiety symptoms Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 602 participants	Low
Community professional‐led interventions vs no care Quality of life · children/adolescents with post‐traumatic stress and related depressive/anxiety symptoms Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Community professional‐led interventions vs no care Functional impairment (1 to 6 months post intervention) Child diagnostic interview schedulee; WHODAS IId (higher score = higher functional impairment) · children/adolescents with post‐traumatic stress and related depressive/anxiety symptoms Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 602 participants	Very low
Community professional‐led interventions vs no care Service utilisation · children/adolescents with post‐traumatic stress and related depressive/anxiety symptoms Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Community professional‐led interventions vs no care Adverse events (during intervention)Â · children/adolescents with post‐traumatic stress and related depressive/anxiety symptoms Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 180 participants	Low
Primary‐level worker‐led collaborative care vs usual care Functional impairment ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) WHODAS 2.0e,g,i,j,k (higher score = higher disability) · adults with common mental disorders Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 4216 participants	Moderate
Primary‐level worker‐led collaborative care vs usual care Service utilisation ‐ referral to mental health team ‐ long term (7 to 12 months post intervention)Â · adults with common mental disorders Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	RR 0.46 [0.33, 0.64]	1 study · 907 participants	Low
Primary‐level worker‐led collaborative care vs usual care Adverse events ‐ deathÂ · adults with common mental disorders Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	RR 0.63 [0.38, 1.06]	5 studies · 5300 participants	Very low
Lay health worker‐led psychosocial interventions vs enhanced usual care Recovery from depression ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) Recovery defined by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ≤ 5a; PHQ‐9 < 5b,c; absence of major depression based on DSM‐IV criteriad (RR > 1 denotes greater likelihood of... · women with perinatal depression Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	RR 1.29 [1.08, 1.54]	4 studies · 1243 participants	Low
Lay health worker‐led psychosocial interventions vs enhanced usual care Prevalence of perinatal depression (1 to 6 months post intervention) · women with perinatal depression Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Lay health worker‐led psychosocial interventions vs enhanced usual care Severity of depression symptoms ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scalea; Hamilton Depression Rating Scaled,f; PHQ‐9b,c (higher score = higher severity) · women with perinatal depression Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 1989 participants	Moderate
Lay health worker‐led psychosocial interventions vs enhanced usual care Quality of life (1 to 6 months post intervention)Â · women with perinatal depression Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Lay health worker‐led psychosocial interventions vs enhanced usual care Functional impairment ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) Global assessment of functioning scale, WHODAS (higher score = higher functional impairment) · women with perinatal depression Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 1856 participants	Low
Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions vs usual care Prevalence of CMDs ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) Diagnosis defined by SRQ‐20 > 7b; PHQ‐9 ≥ 11d (RR < 1 denotes lower prevalence compared to control) · adults with common mental disorders (CMDs) Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	RR 0.42 [0.18, 0.96]	2 studies · 479 participants	Low
Lay health worker‐led psychosocial interventions vs enhanced usual care Service utilisation ‐ maternal or child hospitalisations ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) · women with perinatal depression Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	RR 1.12 [0.6, 2.06]	2 studies · 850 participants	Very low
Lay health worker‐led psychosocial interventions vs enhanced usual care Adverse events (1 to 6 months post intervention) · women with perinatal depression Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 1205 participants	Low
Primary health professional‐led collaborative care interventions vs usual or enhanced care Depression recovery ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) · women with perinatal depression Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Primary health professional‐led collaborative care interventions vs usual or enhanced care Disease prevalence (1 to 6 months post intervention) · women with perinatal depression Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Primary health professional‐led collaborative care interventions vs usual or enhanced care Depression symptoms ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score (higher score = higher severity) · women with perinatal depression Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 230 participants	Very low
Primary health professional‐led collaborative care interventions vs usual or enhanced care Quality of life ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) SF‐36 social functioning (higher score = higher quality of life) · women with perinatal depression Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	MD 3.5	1 study · 230 participants	Very low
Primary health professional‐led collaborative care interventions vs usual or enhanced care Functional impairment ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) · women with perinatal depression Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Primary health professional‐led collaborative care interventions vs usual or enhanced care Service utilisation ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) Mean number of medical consultations · women with perinatal depression Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 230 participants	Very low
Primary health professional‐led collaborative care interventions vs usual or enhanced care Adverse events (7 to 24 months post intervention) · women with perinatal depression Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 686 participants	Very low
Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions vs usual care Recovery from PTSD (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adults with post‐traumatic stress and CMDs Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions vs usual care Severity of CMD symptoms (including anxiety and depression) ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) Measured by PHQ‐9a,d,f; SRQ‐20b (higher score, higher severity) · adults with common mental disorders (CMDs) Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 798 participants	Low
Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions vs usual care Prevalence of PTSD ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months) Diagnosis defined by fulfilment of PTSD diagnostic criteria using the PCL‐5a; fulfilment of DSM‐IV PTSD diagnostic criteria using the CIDIb (RR < 1 denotes lower prevalence compared to control) · adults with post‐traumatic stress and CMDs Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	RR 0.77 [0.3, 2]	2 studies · 380 participants	Very low
Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions vs usual care PTS symptoms ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) PCL‐5a,d,e; PCL‐6f; Post‐traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scaleb (higher score = higher severity) · adults with post‐traumatic stress and CMDs Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 2045 participants	Very low
Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions vs usual care Depression symptoms ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) GHQ‐12a; PHQ‐9d,e,f; self‐reporting questionnaireh (higher score = higher severity) · adults with post‐traumatic stress and CMDs Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 1986 participants	Low
Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions vs usual care Quality of life ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) PSYCHLOPS (higher score = poorer outcome) · adults with post‐traumatic stress and CMDs Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 1918 participants	Moderate
Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions vs usual care Functional impairment ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) WHODAS (higher score = more severity impairment) · adults with post‐traumatic stress and CMDs Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 1914 participants	Very low
Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions vs usual care Service utilisation ‐ hospital admissions (1 to 6 months post intervention) Â · adults with post‐traumatic stress and CMDs Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	RR 1.13 [0.53, 2.34]	1 study · 319 participants	Very low
Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions vs usual care Adverse events · adults with post‐traumatic stress and CMDs Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 1701 participants	Very low
Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual or no care Recovery from PTSD · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual or no care Prevalence of adults with probable PTSD (1 to 6 months post intervention) Diagnosis defined by HTQ ≥ 1.75 (RR > 1 denotes lower prevalence compared to control) · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	RR 5.5 [2.5, 12.1]	1 study · 313 participants	Low
Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual or no care Prevalence of adults with probable depression or anxiety (1 to 6 months post intervention) Diagnosis defined by HSCL‐25 ≥ 1.75 (RR > 1 denotes lower prevalence compared to control) · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	RR 4.6 [2.1, 10.08]	1 study · 313 participants	Low
Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions vs usual care Quality of life ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) Measured by EQ‐5D (higher score = better quality of life) · adults with common mental disorders (CMDs) Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 521 participants	Low
Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual or no care PTS symptoms (1 to 6 months post intervention) Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (higher score = higher severity) · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 680 participants	Very low
Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual or no care Depression symptoms (1 to 6 months post intervention) Hopkins Symptom Checklist ‐ depression (higher score = higher severity) · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 680 participants	Very low
Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual or no care Quality of life · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual or no care Functional impairment (1 to 6 months post intervention) Locally developed functional impairment scale (higher score = higher functional impairment) · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 680 participants	Very low
Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual or no care Service utilisation · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 1572 participants	Very low