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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,049 questions in 79 reviews · Dementia and Cognitive Improvement
current versionsNo studies 240 · 22.9%Ungraded 31 · 3%Very low 216 · 20.6%Low 253 · 24.1%Moderate 238 · 22.7%High 71 · 6.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Personally tailored activities vs control Depression ( · people with dementia Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in community… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 96 participants | Low |
Personally tailored activities vs control Affect ( · people with dementia Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in community… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 160 participants | Low |
Personally tailored activities vs control Caregiver depression ( · people with dementia Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in community… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 256 participants | Low |
Personally tailored activities vs control Caregiver burden ( · people with dementia Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in community… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 246 participants | Low |
Personally tailored activities vs control Caregiver's quality of life ( · people with dementia Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in community… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
Interdisciplinary enhanced rehabilitation (inpatient rehabilitation) vs conventional rehabilitation Health‐related quality of life · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Interdisciplinary enhanced rehabilitation (inpatient and community rehabilitation) vs conventional rehabilitation Activities of daily living and functional performance (Chinese Barthel Index (0‐to‐100‐point scale where higher scores indicate greater functional performance at 12 months) · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Interdisciplinary enhanced rehabilitation (inpatient and community rehabilitation) vs conventional rehabilitation Activities of daily living and functional performance (pre‐fracture walking levels at 12 months) · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | OR 58.33 [3.04, 1118.19] | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Interdisciplinary enhanced rehabilitation (inpatient and community rehabilitation) vs conventional rehabilitation Cognitive function · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Interdisciplinary enhanced rehabilitation (inpatient and community rehabilitation) vs conventional rehabilitation Behaviour · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Interdisciplinary enhanced rehabilitation (inpatient and community rehabilitation) vs conventional rehabilitation Pain · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Interdisciplinary enhanced rehabilitation (inpatient and community rehabilitation) vs conventional rehabilitation Mortality at 12 months post‐hip fracture · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.07 [0.47, 2.45] | 2 studies · 177 participants | Very low |
Interdisciplinary enhanced rehabilitation (inpatient and community rehabilitation) vs conventional rehabilitation Adverse events (incidence of falls at 12 months) · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.2 [0.01, 4.47] | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Geriatrician‐led inpatient management vs orthopaedic‐led inpatient management Health‐related quality of life · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Geriatrician‐led inpatient management vs orthopaedic‐led inpatient management Activities of daily living and functional performance (activities of daily living capabilities assessed using BADLS at 12 months) BADLS (0 to 60 points; higher scores equate to poorer functional performance) · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 87 participants | Very low |
Geriatrician‐led inpatient management vs orthopaedic‐led inpatient management Activities of daily living and functional performance (NEADL score at 12 months) NEADL (0 to 22 points, where higher scores equate to greater functional performance) · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 87 participants | Very low |
Interdisciplinary enhanced rehabilitation (inpatient rehabilitation) vs conventional rehabilitation Activities of daily living and functional performance (personal ADL independence at 12 months · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | OR 4.62 [0.18, 119.63] | 1 study · 47 participants | Very low |
Geriatrician‐led inpatient management vs orthopaedic‐led inpatient management Activities of daily living and functional performance (functional performance measured using the SPPB at 12 months) SPPB (0 to 12 points, where higher scores equate to greater functional performance) · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 87 participants | Very low |
Geriatrician‐led inpatient management vs orthopaedic‐led inpatient management Cognitive function (cognitive function measured using the IQCODE at 12 months) IQCODE (1 to 5 points, where higher scores equate to poorer cognitive function) · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 87 participants | Very low |
Geriatrician‐led inpatient management vs orthopaedic‐led inpatient management Behaviour · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Geriatrician‐led inpatient management vs orthopaedic‐led inpatient management Pain · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Geriatrician‐led inpatient management vs orthopaedic‐led inpatient management Mortality at 12 months · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | OR 2 [0.74, 5.36] | 1 study · 87 participants | Very low |
Geriatrician‐led inpatient management vs orthopaedic‐led inpatient management Adverse events (delirium during hospitalisation) · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.94 [0.52, 1.72] | 2 studies · 212 participants | Very low |
Interdisciplinary enhanced rehabilitation (inpatient rehabilitation) vs conventional rehabilitation Activities of daily living and functional performance (walking independently without an aid or assistance at 12‐month · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | OR 7.2 [0.74, 70.42] | 1 study · 47 participants | Very low |
Interdisciplinary enhanced rehabilitation (inpatient rehabilitation) vs conventional rehabilitation Cognitive function · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Interdisciplinary enhanced rehabilitation (inpatient rehabilitation) vs conventional rehabilitation Behaviour · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Interdisciplinary enhanced rehabilitation (inpatient rehabilitation) vs conventional rehabilitation Pain · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Interdisciplinary enhanced rehabilitation (inpatient rehabilitation) vs conventional rehabilitation Mortality (during hospitalisation) · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.6 [0.17, 2.13] | 3 studies · 152 participants | Very low |
Interdisciplinary enhanced rehabilitation (inpatient rehabilitation) vs conventional rehabilitation Adverse events (postoperative delirium during hospitalisation) · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.04 [0.01, 0.22] | 2 studies · 141 participants | Low |
Interdisciplinary enhanced rehabilitation (inpatient and community rehabilitation) vs conventional rehabilitation Health‐related quality of life · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aspirin vs placebo Incidence of dementia · cognitively healthy older adults Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.83, 1.15] | 1 study · 19114 participants | High |
Other NSAIDs vs placebo Mortality · cognitively healthy older adults Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.37 [0.78, 2.43] | 1 study · 2528 participants | Moderate |
Other NSAIDs vs placebo Incidence of mild cognitive impairment · cognitively healthy older adults Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.28 [0.72, 2.28] | 1 study · 2072 participants | Low |
Other NSAIDs vs placebo Activities of daily living · cognitively healthy older adults Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Other NSAIDs vs placebo Health‐related quality of life · cognitively healthy older adults Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAIDs (celecoxib) vs placebo Incidence of dementia · older people with age‐related memory loss Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAIDs (celecoxib) vs placebo Adverse events – gastrointestinal · older people with age‐related memory loss Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | RR 2.66 [1.05, 6.75] | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
NSAIDs (celecoxib) vs placebo Mortality · older people with age‐related memory loss Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAIDs (celecoxib) vs placebo Cognitive decline from baseline across 6 domains · older people with age‐related memory loss Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
NSAIDs (celecoxib) vs placebo Activities of daily living · older people with age‐related memory loss Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAIDs (celecoxib) vs placebo Health‐related quality of life · older people with age‐related memory loss Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aspirin vs placebo Adverse events (haemorrhage) · cognitively healthy older adults Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.37 [1.17, 1.6] | 1 study · 19114 participants | High |
Intervention NR Incidence of Alzheimer's disease · people with MCI Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [1.01, 1.72] | 1 study · 1457 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Adverse events – cardiovascular · people with MCI Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.68, 1.66] | 1 study · 1457 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Adverse events – gastrointestinal · people with MCI Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | RR 3.53 [1.17, 10.65] | 1 study · 1457 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Mortality · people with MCI Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.62 [0.85, 3.05] | 1 study · 1457 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Cognitive decline from baseline · people with MCI Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Activities of daily living · people with MCI Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1457 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life · people with MCI Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aspirin vs placebo Mortality · cognitively healthy older adults Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [1.01, 1.28] | 1 study · 19114 participants | High |