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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,206 questions in 117 reviews · Common Mental Disorders
current versionsNo studies 387 · 17.5%Ungraded 111 · 5%Very low 635 · 28.8%Low 568 · 25.7%Moderate 449 · 20.4%High 56 · 2.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Metformin vs placebo Drop‐outs (12 to 14 weeks) · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.22 [0.09, 16.35] | 3 studies · 158 participants | Moderate |
Metformin vs placebo Fasting blood glucose (12 to 14 weeks)(endpoint data) · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 173 participants | Moderate |
Metformin vs placebo Fasting blood glucose (12 to 14 weeks)(change from baseline data) · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 91 participants | High |
Metformin vs placebo BMI (12 to 14 weeks) · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 264 participants | High |
Abrupt discontinuation vs continuation of long‐term antidepressants Successful discontinuation rate · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Discontinuation by "tapering" vs continuation (or usual care) Relapse (as defined by study authors) (HR) · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 2.97 [2.24, 3.93] | 13 studies · 1546 participants | Very low |
Discontinuation by "tapering" vs continuation (or usual care) Withdrawal symptoms · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 176 participants | Very low |
Discontinuation by "tapering" vs continuation (or usual care) Adverse events · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.06 [0.82, 1.38] | 7 studies · 1479 participants | Very low |
Discontinuation by "tapering" vs continuation (or usual care) Depressive symptoms · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1017 participants | Very low |
Discontinuation by "tapering" vs continuation (or usual care) Anxiety symptoms · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 526 participants | Very low |
Discontinuation by "tapering" vs continuation (or usual care) Quality of life · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 502 participants | Very low |
Discontinuation by "tapering" vs continuation (or usual care) Social and occupational functioning · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 502 participants | Very low |
Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation Successful discontinuation rate: proportion (%) of participants who successfully stopped use of antidepressants at the end of the trial · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 690 participants | Very low |
Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation Risk of relapse (as defined by study authors) (HR) · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.89 [0.66, 1.19] | 3 studies · 690 participants | Low |
Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation Withdrawal symptoms · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Abrupt discontinuation vs continuation of long‐term antidepressants Relapse (as defined by study authors) (HR) · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 2.09 [1.59, 2.74] | 10 studies · 1373 participants | Very low |
Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation Adverse events · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 690 participants | Very low |
Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation Depressive symptoms · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 484 participants | Low |
Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation Anxiety symptoms · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation Quality of life · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 455 participants | Very low |
Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation Social and occupational functioning · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Discontinuation of long‐term antidepressant with minimal intervention vs usual care Successful discontinuation rate: proportion (%) of participants who successfully stopped use of antidepressants at the end of the trial Defined as no antidepressant use during the preceding 6 months and absence of a depressive or anxiety disorder · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 146 participants | Low |
Discontinuation of long‐term antidepressant with minimal intervention vs usual care Relapse rate · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 146 participants | Low |
Discontinuation of long‐term antidepressant with minimal intervention vs usual care Withdrawal symptoms · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Discontinuation of long‐term antidepressant with minimal intervention vs usual care Adverse events · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Discontinuation of long‐term antidepressant with minimal intervention vs usual care Depressive symptoms · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 106 participants | Low |
Abrupt discontinuation vs continuation of long‐term antidepressants Withdrawal symptoms · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 182 participants | Very low |
Discontinuation of long‐term antidepressant with minimal intervention vs usual care Anxiety symptoms · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 104 participants | Low |
Discontinuation of long‐term antidepressant with minimal intervention vs usual care Quality of life · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 146 participants | Very low |
Discontinuation of long‐term antidepressant with minimal intervention vs usual care Social and occupational functioning · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Abrupt discontinuation vs continuation of long‐term antidepressants Adverse events · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.11 [0.62, 1.99] | 7 studies · 1012 participants | Very low |
Abrupt discontinuation vs continuation of long‐term antidepressants Depressive symptoms · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 330 participants | Very low |
Abrupt discontinuation vs continuation of long‐term antidepressants Anxiety symptoms · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 439 participants | Very low |
Abrupt discontinuation vs continuation of long‐term antidepressants Quality of life · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Abrupt discontinuation vs continuation of long‐term antidepressants Social and occupational functioning · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Discontinuation by "tapering" vs continuation (or usual care) Successful discontinuation rate Studies without co‐intervention · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR MST vs ECT ‐ symptom severity ‐ HAMD (high = poor; short term) · patients with schizophrenia Magnetic seizure therapy for treatment‐resistant depression (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 40 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR MST vs ECT ‐ cognitive function ‐ immediate memory (high = better; short term) · patients with schizophrenia Magnetic seizure therapy for treatment‐resistant depression (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR MST vs ECT ‐ cognitive function ‐ delayed memory (high = better; short term) · patients with schizophrenia Magnetic seizure therapy for treatment‐resistant depression (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR MST vs ECT ‐ suicides, suicide attempts, self‐harm · patients with schizophrenia Magnetic seizure therapy for treatment‐resistant depression (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR MST vs ECT ‐ quality of life · patients with schizophrenia Magnetic seizure therapy for treatment‐resistant depression (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR MST vs ECT ‐ social functioning · patients with schizophrenia Magnetic seizure therapy for treatment‐resistant depression (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR MST vs ECT ‐ dropout for any reason (short term) · patients with schizophrenia Magnetic seizure therapy for treatment‐resistant depression (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.38 [0.28, 6.91] | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR MST vs ECT ‐ serious adverse events · patients with schizophrenia Magnetic seizure therapy for treatment‐resistant depression (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR MST vs ECT ‐ adverse events that led to discontinuation of treatment (short term) · patients with schizophrenia Magnetic seizure therapy for treatment‐resistant depression (2021) · Cochrane | 0.19 [0.01, 3.52] | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Antidepressants vs placebo Depression response (acute, 5 ≤ 12 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.27 [0.97, 1.66] | NR | Low |
Antidepressants vs treatment Depression remission (early phase, < 5 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.31 [1.5, 3.54] | NR | Very low |
Antidepressants vs treatment Depression severity ‐ mean EPDS score (early phase, < 5 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Antidepressants vs treatment Treatment acceptability ‐ dropouts (early phase, < 5 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.71 [0.91, 3.23] | NR | Very low |
Antidepressants vs treatment Child‐related outcomes · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |