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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

2,206 questions in 117 reviews · Common Mental Disorders

current versions
No studies 387 · 17.5%Ungraded 111 · 5%Very low 635 · 28.8%Low 568 · 25.7%Moderate 449 · 20.4%High 56 · 2.5%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Metformin vs placebo
Drop‐outs (12 to 14 weeks) · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.22 [0.09, 16.35]3 studies · 158 participantsModerate
Metformin vs placebo
Fasting blood glucose (12 to 14 weeks)(endpoint data) · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 173 participantsModerate
Metformin vs placebo
Fasting blood glucose (12 to 14 weeks)(change from baseline data) · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 91 participantsHigh
Metformin vs placebo
BMI (12 to 14 weeks) · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted5 studies · 264 participantsHigh
Abrupt discontinuation vs continuation of long‐term antidepressants
Successful discontinuation rate · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Discontinuation by "tapering" vs continuation (or usual care)
Relapse (as defined by study authors) (HR) · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
HR 2.97 [2.24, 3.93]13 studies · 1546 participantsVery low
Discontinuation by "tapering" vs continuation (or usual care)
Withdrawal symptoms · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 176 participantsVery low
Discontinuation by "tapering" vs continuation (or usual care)
Adverse events · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
OR 1.06 [0.82, 1.38]7 studies · 1479 participantsVery low
Discontinuation by "tapering" vs continuation (or usual care)
Depressive symptoms · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted6 studies · 1017 participantsVery low
Discontinuation by "tapering" vs continuation (or usual care)
Anxiety symptoms · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 526 participantsVery low
Discontinuation by "tapering" vs continuation (or usual care)
Quality of life · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 502 participantsVery low
Discontinuation by "tapering" vs continuation (or usual care)
Social and occupational functioning · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 502 participantsVery low
Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation
Successful discontinuation rate: proportion (%) of participants who successfully stopped use of antidepressants at the end of the trial · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 690 participantsVery low
Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation
Risk of relapse (as defined by study authors) (HR) · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
HR 0.89 [0.66, 1.19]3 studies · 690 participantsLow
Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation
Withdrawal symptoms · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Abrupt discontinuation vs continuation of long‐term antidepressants
Relapse (as defined by study authors) (HR) · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
HR 2.09 [1.59, 2.74]10 studies · 1373 participantsVery low
Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation
Adverse events · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 690 participantsVery low
Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation
Depressive symptoms · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 484 participantsLow
Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation
Anxiety symptoms · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation
Quality of life · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 455 participantsVery low
Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation
Social and occupational functioning · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Discontinuation of long‐term antidepressant with minimal intervention vs usual care
Successful discontinuation rate: proportion (%) of participants who successfully stopped use of antidepressants at the end of the trial Defined as no antidepressant use during the preceding 6 months and absence of a depressive or anxiety disorder · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 146 participantsLow
Discontinuation of long‐term antidepressant with minimal intervention vs usual care
Relapse rate · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 146 participantsLow
Discontinuation of long‐term antidepressant with minimal intervention vs usual care
Withdrawal symptoms · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Discontinuation of long‐term antidepressant with minimal intervention vs usual care
Adverse events · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Discontinuation of long‐term antidepressant with minimal intervention vs usual care
Depressive symptoms · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 106 participantsLow
Abrupt discontinuation vs continuation of long‐term antidepressants
Withdrawal symptoms · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 182 participantsVery low
Discontinuation of long‐term antidepressant with minimal intervention vs usual care
Anxiety symptoms · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 104 participantsLow
Discontinuation of long‐term antidepressant with minimal intervention vs usual care
Quality of life · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 146 participantsVery low
Discontinuation of long‐term antidepressant with minimal intervention vs usual care
Social and occupational functioning · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Abrupt discontinuation vs continuation of long‐term antidepressants
Adverse events · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
OR 1.11 [0.62, 1.99]7 studies · 1012 participantsVery low
Abrupt discontinuation vs continuation of long‐term antidepressants
Depressive symptoms · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 330 participantsVery low
Abrupt discontinuation vs continuation of long‐term antidepressants
Anxiety symptoms · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 439 participantsVery low
Abrupt discontinuation vs continuation of long‐term antidepressants
Quality of life · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Abrupt discontinuation vs continuation of long‐term antidepressants
Social and occupational functioning · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Discontinuation by "tapering" vs continuation (or usual care)
Successful discontinuation rate Studies without co‐intervention · participants with depressive or anxiety disorders
Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and… (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
MST vs ECT ‐ symptom severity ‐ HAMD (high = poor; short term) · patients with schizophrenia
Magnetic seizure therapy for treatment‐resistant depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 40 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
MST vs ECT ‐ cognitive function ‐ immediate memory (high = better; short term) · patients with schizophrenia
Magnetic seizure therapy for treatment‐resistant depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 20 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
MST vs ECT ‐ cognitive function ‐ delayed memory (high = better; short term) · patients with schizophrenia
Magnetic seizure therapy for treatment‐resistant depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 20 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
MST vs ECT ‐ suicides, suicide attempts, self‐harm · patients with schizophrenia
Magnetic seizure therapy for treatment‐resistant depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
MST vs ECT ‐ quality of life · patients with schizophrenia
Magnetic seizure therapy for treatment‐resistant depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 20 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
MST vs ECT ‐ social functioning · patients with schizophrenia
Magnetic seizure therapy for treatment‐resistant depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
MST vs ECT ‐ dropout for any reason (short term) · patients with schizophrenia
Magnetic seizure therapy for treatment‐resistant depression (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.38 [0.28, 6.91]1 study · 25 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
MST vs ECT ‐ serious adverse events · patients with schizophrenia
Magnetic seizure therapy for treatment‐resistant depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
MST vs ECT ‐ adverse events that led to discontinuation of treatment (short term) · patients with schizophrenia
Magnetic seizure therapy for treatment‐resistant depression (2021) · Cochrane
0.19 [0.01, 3.52]1 study · 25 participantsVery low
Antidepressants vs placebo
Depression response (acute, 5 ≤ 12 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.27 [0.97, 1.66]NRLow
Antidepressants vs treatment
Depression remission (early phase, < 5 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
RR 2.31 [1.5, 3.54]NRVery low
Antidepressants vs treatment
Depression severity ‐ mean EPDS score (early phase, < 5 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Antidepressants vs treatment
Treatment acceptability ‐ dropouts (early phase, < 5 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.71 [0.91, 3.23]NRVery low
Antidepressants vs treatment
Child‐related outcomes · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies