Disability caused by pain at follow-up · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in disability caused by pain at treatment completion compared with alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication,… (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Adverse events · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction in pain intensity · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) may leads to lower pain intensity at follow-up (12 months) compared with usual care, waiting list or no treatment (control) (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Hypnosis showed no clear difference in pain intensity compared with relaxation; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Not pooled (clinical heterogeneity). Abrahamsen 2011: MD -1.00 (95% CI -2.27 to 0.27), n=38 (hypnosis 19, relaxation 19); Stam 1984: MD not reported, n=27 (hypnosis 12, relaxation 15).
2 studies · 65 participants
GRADE not reported
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Habit reversal treatment led to lower pain intensity compared with waiting-list control; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
CBT plus hypnosis (combined package) led to lower pain intensity compared with usual care; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Disability caused by pain at follow-up · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in pain disability at treatment completion compared with usual care, waiting list or no treatment (control) (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review
Mental distress · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in psychological distress at follow-up compared with usual care, waiting list or no treatment (control) (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Adverse events · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review
Additional physical symptoms · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants requiring recatheterisation · adults with short‐term indwelling urethral catheters that need to be removed
Removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults after… may leads to higher number of participants requiring recatheterisation compared with longer durations (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Symptomatic catheter associated urinary tract infection · adults with short‐term indwelling urethral catheters that need to be removed
Removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults after… probably leads to lower symptomatic catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) Â compared with longer durations (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Dysuria · adults with short‐term indwelling urethral catheters that need to be removed
Removal of short‐term indwelling urethral catheters in adults after… may leads to lower dysuria compared with longer durations (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Condition‐specific QoL or generic QoL measure · adults with short‐term indwelling urethral catheters that need to be removed
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Thromboembolic events · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication for treatment
Self‐monitoring or self‐management of oral anticoagulation probably leads to lower thromboembolic events compared with standard care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication for treatment
self‐management of oral anticoagulation probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with standard care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Major bleeding · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication for treatment
self‐management of oral anticoagulation showed no clear difference in major haemorrhage compared with standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Minor haemorrhage · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication for treatment
self‐management of oral anticoagulation showed no clear difference in minor haemorrhage compared with standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review