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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

188 questions · 193 findings · 30 reviews · Schizophrenia

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No studies found 54 · 28%GRADE not reported 23 · 11.9%Very low 50 · 25.9%Low 47 · 24.4%Moderate 15 · 7.8%High 4 · 2.1%

ADJUNCTIVE BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

No clinically important response to treatment ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ADJUNCTIVE BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes no clinically important response to treatment ‐ short term (3 weeks… compared with PLACEBO/NO ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENT + ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Technology‐mediated psychoeducation + standard care intervention vs usual care

Compliance/satisfaction: medication ‐ not compliant ‐ long‐term · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether technology‐mediated psychoeducation + standard care intervention changes compliance/satisfaction: medication ‐ not compliant ‐ long‐term compared with standard care intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs usual care

Relapse: 2. Relapse with readmission ‐ long term · patients with schizophrenia

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION may leads to lower relapse: 2. Relapse with readmission ‐ long term compared with STANDARD CARE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs usual care

Adverse event: Death ‐ long term · patients with schizophrenia

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION showed no clear difference in adverse event: Death ‐ long term compared with STANDARD CARE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levomepromazine vs Typical antipsychotics

Acceptability of treatment ‐ leaving the study early · patients with schizophrenia

Levomepromazine showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ long term ‐ any reason compared with typical antipsychotics (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levomepromazine vs Typical antipsychotics

Leaving the study early ‐ long term ‐ due to adverse events · patients with schizophrenia

Levomepromazine showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ long term ‐ due to adverse events compared with typical antipsychotics (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levomepromazine vs Typical antipsychotics

Leaving the study early ‐ long term ‐ lost to · patients with schizophrenia

Levomepromazine showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ long term ‐ lost to compared with typical antipsychotics (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CLOZAPINE vs Typical antipsychotics

Relapse · patients with schizophrenia

CLOZAPINE probably leads to lower relapse ‐ long term compared with TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS ‐ OVERALL (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

INDIVIDUAL PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY vs medication

Global impression: 1. Not able to be discharged (long term) · patients with schizophrenia and severe mental illness

INDIVIDUAL PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY may leads to higher global impression: 1. Not able to be discharged (long term) compared with MEDICATION (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Specific behaviour: aggression ‐ important decrease in aggression · people with long‐term aggression in psychosis

HALOPERIDOL leads to lower specific behaviour: aggression ‐ important decrease in aggression compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury to self or others average change score (ABS, high = worse) at 2 hours · people with long‐term aggression in psychosis

HALOPERIDOL leads to lower specific behaviours ‐ threat or injury to others/self compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review