Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

461 questions · 475 findings · 59 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 112 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 13 · 2.7%Very low 66 · 13.9%Low 140 · 29.5%Moderate 112 · 23.6%High 32 · 6.7%

Radiotherapy combined with anti‐VEGF vs anti‐VEGF alone

Progression to visual loss (loss of 3 or more lines on logMAR chart) · people with neovascular AMD

Radiotherapy combined with anti‐VEGF probably leads to higher loss of 3 or more lines of best‐corrected visual acuity Measured… compared with anti‐VEGF alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Radiotherapy combined with anti‐VEGF vs anti‐VEGF alone

Change in visual acuity (logMAR) ‐ 12 months (negative is better) · people with neovascular AMD

Radiotherapy combined with anti‐VEGF showed no clear difference in change in best corrected visual acuity (logMAR units) Measured using… compared with anti‐VEGF alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) Subgroup: generalised onset seizures (tonic‐clonic only) Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine may leads to higher time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment)… compared with phenytoin (time to treatment failure) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) ‐ stratified by epilepsy type: generalised onset seizures (tonic‐clonic only) Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to first seizure after randomisationSubgroup: generalisedonset… compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Time to 12‐month remission ‐ stratified by epilepsy type ‐ Generalized onset seizures (tonic‐clonic only) Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to achieve 12‐month remissionSubgroup: generalisedonset tonic… compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topiramate vs carbamazepine

Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) Subgroup: generalised onset tonic‐clonic seizures or unclassified epilepsy Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Topiramate showed no clear difference in time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment)… compared with carbamazepine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topiramate vs carbamazepine

Time to first seizure after randomisation Subgroup: generalised onset tonic‐clonic seizures or unclassified epilepsy Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Topiramate showed no clear difference in time to first seizure after randomisation Subgroup: generalised… compared with carbamazepine (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topiramate vs carbamazepine

Time to 12‐month remission of seizures Subgroup: generalised onset tonic‐clonic seizures or unclassified epilepsy Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Topiramate showed no clear difference in time to 12‐month remission of seizures Subgroup: generalised onset… compared with carbamazepine (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine vs carbamazepine

Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) Subgroup: generalised onset seizures Range of · adults and children with focal onset or generalised onset seizures (generalised tonic‐clonic with or without other generalised seizure…

Summary of findings: lamotrigine may leads to lower time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment)… compared with carbamazepine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine vs carbamazepine

Time to first seizure ‐ generalised epilepsy Range of · adults and children with focal onset or generalised onset seizures (generalised tonic‐clonic with or without other generalised seizure…

Summary of findings: lamotrigine showed no clear difference in time to first seizure Subgroup: generalised onset seizures Range of compared with carbamazepine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carbamazepine vs phenobarbitone

Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) Subgroup: generalised onset seizures (tonic‐clonic only) Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment)… compared with phenobarbitone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carbamazepine vs phenobarbitone

Time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) ‐ stratified by epilepsy type: generalised onset seizures (tonic‐clonic only) Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) Subgroup: generalised… compared with phenobarbitone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carbamazepine vs phenobarbitone

Time to 12‐month remission ‐ stratified by epilepsy type ‐ Generalized onset seizures (tonic‐clonic only) Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to achieve 12‐month remission (seizure‐free period) Subgroup:… compared with phenobarbitone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Isopropyl alcohol vs usual care

Adverse events (common reactions to aromatherapy include skin rashes, dyspnoea, headache, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, hypertension or dizziness) · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Isopropyl alcohol vs Normal saline

Adverse events (common reactions to aromatherapy include skin rashes, dyspnoea, headache, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, hypertension or dizziness) · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Peppermint vs placebo

Adverse events (common reactions to aromatherapy include skin rashes, dyspnoea, headache, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, hypertension or dizziness) · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intensive vs less intensive continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)

Mortality: patients with AKI related to cardiac or general surgery · patients with AKI who need CRRT

Intensive leads to lower mortality: patients with AKI related to cardiac or general surgery compared with less intensive continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review