What do systematic reviews say?

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Hydrolysed vs non‐hydrolysed formula

Hydrolysed showed no clear difference in feed intolerance compared with non‐hydrolysed formula (low certainty).

• Protein hydrolysate versus standard formula for preterm infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.71 [0.29, 25]
  3 studies · 161 participants
  Low

Hydrolysed vs non‐hydrolysed formula

Hydrolysed showed no clear difference in necrotising enterocolitis compared with non‐hydrolysed formula (low certainty).

• Protein hydrolysate versus standard formula for preterm infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.1 [0.36, 3.34]
  5 studies · 385 participants
  Low

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 271 participants
  Moderate

High vs standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula

It is very uncertain whether high changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula (very low certainty).

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.07, 15.78]
  1 study · 61 participants
  Very low

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 271 participants
  Low

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 271 participants
  Low

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

High showed no clear difference in extrauterine growth restriction at discharge compared with standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula (low certainty).

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.5, 1.02]
  2 studies · 271 participants
  Low

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

It is very uncertain whether high changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula (very low certainty).

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.74 [0.12, 4.51]
  2 studies · 283 participants
  Very low

High vs standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 61 participants
  Moderate

High vs standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

High vs standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

High vs standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Prophylaxis with standard therapeutic factor concentrate vs pegylated liposome FVIII formulation

Prophylaxis with standard therapeutic factor concentrate showed no clear difference in AJBR compared with pegylated liposome FVIII formulation (low certainty).

• Clotting factor concentrates for preventing bleeding and bleeding‐related complications in previously treated… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 143 participants
  Low

Prophylaxis with standard therapeutic factor concentrate vs pegylated liposome FVIII formulation

Prophylaxis with standard therapeutic factor concentrate showed no clear difference in ABR compared with pegylated liposome FVIII formulation (low certainty).

• Clotting factor concentrates for preventing bleeding and bleeding‐related complications in previously treated… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 143 participants
  Low

Prophylaxis with standard therapeutic factor concentrate vs pegylated liposome FVIII formulation

• Clotting factor concentrates for preventing bleeding and bleeding‐related complications in previously treated… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 143 participants
  Low

Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid vs 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine)

Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid showed no clear difference in failure to maintain clinical or endoscopic remission compared with comparator 5‐aminosalicylic acid formulation (low certainty).

• Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [0.91, 1.28]
  6 studies · 707 participants
  Low