Abnormal fetal heart rate patterns, requiring intervention · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia
It is very uncertain whether upright position changes abnormal fetal heart rate patterns, requiring intervention compared with recumbent position (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of second stage (minutes) · women in the second stage of labour without epidural anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Mode of birth: assisted birth · women in the second stage of labour without epidural anaesthesia
Any upright probably leads to lower mode of birth: assisted birth compared with supine position (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · women in the second stage of labour without epidural anaesthesia
Any upright showed no clear difference in mode of birth: caesarean section compared with supine position (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
2nd degree tear · women in the second stage of labour without epidural anaesthesia
Any upright showed no clear difference in trauma to the birth canal that required suturing: second degree… compared with supine position (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Trauma to the birth canal that required suturing: third/fourth degree tears · women in the second stage of labour without epidural anaesthesia
It is very uncertain whether any upright changes trauma to the birth canal that required suturing: third/fourth… compared with supine position (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Blood loss > 500 mL · women in the second stage of labour without epidural anaesthesia
Any upright probably leads to higher blood loss > 500 mL compared with supine position (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · women in the second stage of labour without epidural anaesthesia
Any upright showed no clear difference in admission to neonatal intensive care unit compared with supine position (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
30‐Day mortality · Patients undergoing thoracotomy
Paravertebral blockade showed no clear difference in 30‐day mortality compared with thoracic epidural blockade (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
VAS scores at 48 hours (on coughing/after physiotherapy) Score from 0 ‐ 10 · Patients undergoing thoracotomy
1 finding from 1 review
Technique failure · Patients undergoing thoracotomy
Paravertebral blockade probably leads to lower failure of technique (Number of participants) compared with thoracic epidural blockade (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cardiovascular complications · Patients undergoing thoracotomy
Paravertebral blockade showed no clear difference in cardiovascular complications compared with thoracic epidural blockade (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Respiratory complications · Patients undergoing thoracotomy
Paravertebral blockade showed no clear difference in respiratory complications compared with thoracic epidural blockade (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neurological complication (Delirium) · Patients undergoing thoracotomy
Paravertebral blockade probably leads to lower neurological complication (Delirium) compared with thoracic epidural blockade (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Early postoperative pain (VAS 0 ‐ 10, at rest, 4 hours) · Patients undergoing thoracotomy
1 finding from 1 review
Early postoperative pain (VAS 0 ‐ 10, coughing, 4 hours) · Patients undergoing thoracotomy
1 finding from 1 review
VAS score at 24 hours (at rest) Score from 0 ‐ 10 · Patients undergoing thoracotomy
1 finding from 1 review
VAS score at 24 hours (on coughing/after physiotherapy) Score from 0 ‐ 10 · Patients undergoing thoracotomy
1 finding from 1 review
VAS scores at 48 hours (at rest) Score from 0 ‐ 10 · Patients undergoing thoracotomy
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review