Antibiotics vs placebo
Fever · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy
Antibiotic probably leads to lower fever compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 0.39 [0.23, 0.64]9 studies · 820 participantsModerate
Findings
What do systematic reviews say?
2,016 questions · 2,067 findings · 222 reviews · Headline outcomes only
No studies found 471 · 22.8%GRADE not reported 108 · 5.2%Very low 570 · 27.6%Low 458 · 22.2%Moderate 363 · 17.6%High 97 · 4.7%
Antibiotics vs placebo
UTI · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy
Antibiotic probably leads to lower UTI compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 0.37 [0.22, 0.62]5 studies · 1077 participantsModerate
Antibiotics vs placebo
Hospitalization · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy
Antibiotic probably leads to lower hospitalization compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 0.13 [0.03, 0.55]3 studies · 650 participantsModerate
Antibiotics vs placebo
Adverse event · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy
Antibiotic showed no clear difference in adverse event compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.62 [0.23, 11.56]2 studies · 127 participantsLow
Antibiotics vs no drug or placebo
Diarrhoea · patients with Shigella dysentery
It is very uncertain whether antibiotic changes diarrhoea on compared with no drug or placebo (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
- RR 0.21 [0.09, 0.48]1 study · 73 participantsVery low
- RR 0.3 [0.15, 0.59]1 study · 76 participantsVery low
Antibiotics vs no drug or placebo
Relapse ‐ not reported · patients with Shigella dysentery
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extractedStudies not reportedNo studies found
Antibiotics vs no drug or placebo
Serious adverse events ‐ not reported · patients with Shigella dysentery
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extractedStudies not reportedNo studies found
Antibiotics vs no drug or placebo
Other adverse events clinical criteria · patients with Shigella dysentery
It is very uncertain whether antibiotic changes other adverse events clinical criteria compared with no drug or placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.43 [0.06, 34.13]1 study · 94 participantsVery low
Antibiotics vs control ‐ primary outcomes
Prevention ‐ any AOM or CSOM during intervention · patients with the prevention of acute and chronic suppurative otitis media in children
Antibiotic probably leads to lower prevention ‐ any AOM or CSOM during intervention compared with control ‐ primary outcomes (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Antibiotics for the prevention of acute and chronic suppurative otitis media in children 2006 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 0.65 [0.53, 0.79]14 studies · 1461 participantsModerate
Antibiotics vs control ‐ secondary outcomes
Side effects ‐ any clinical side effects during intervention · patients with the prevention of acute and chronic suppurative otitis media in children
Antibiotic showed no clear difference in side effects ‐ any clinical side effects during intervention compared with control ‐ secondary outcomes (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Antibiotics for the prevention of acute and chronic suppurative otitis media in children 2006 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 1.99 [0.25, 15.89]12 studies · 817 participantsModerate
Systemic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solutions plus tissue plasminogen activator vs systemic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solutions plus heparin
Development of antibiotic resistance · patients on maintenance HD with CRBSI
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
- Interventions for treating catheter‐related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance haemodialysis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extractedStudies not reportedNo studies found
Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo, no treatment or surveillance only
Number of participants with symptomatic UTI · primary VUR
Antibiotic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in symptomatic UTI by 1 to 2 years: antibiotics versus no prophylaxis compared with surveillance or no treatment (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
- RR 0.77 [0.54, 1.09]9 studies · 1667 participantsLow
- RR 0.85 [0.4, 1.79]3 studies · 943 participantsModerate
Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo, no treatment or surveillance only
Febrile UTI by 1 to 2 years: antibiotics versus no prophylaxis · primary VUR
Antibiotic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in febrile UTI by 1 to 2 years: antibiotics versus no prophylaxis compared with surveillance or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 0.83 [0.56, 1.21]9 studies · 1667 participantsLow
Summary of findings: anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics vs placebo
Antibiotic resistance: frequency of tobramycin‐resistant P aeruginosa · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen
Summary of findings: anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics showed no clear difference in antibiotic resistance: frequency of tobramycin‐resistant P aeruginosa compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Inhaled anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for long‐term therapy in cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 1.95 [0.86, 4.42]2 studies · 672 participantsModerate
Antibiotics vs surgery
All‐cause mortality · adults with uncomplicated appendicitis
It is very uncertain whether antibiotics changes mortality compared with surgery (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyOR 0.51 [0.05, 4.95]5 studies · 2377 participantsVery low
Antibiotics vs surgery
Treatment success (caries lesion arrest or restoration survival) · adults with uncomplicated appendicitis
Antibiotics may leads to lower success of treatment compared with surgery (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 0.91 [0.87, 0.96]7 studies · 2471 participantsLow
Antibiotics vs surgery
Clostridium difficile diarrhoea · adults with uncomplicated appendicitis
It is very uncertain whether antibiotics changes clostridium difficile diarrhoea compared with surgery (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyOR 0.97 [0.24, 3.89]3 studies · 1552 participantsVery low
Antibiotics vs surgery
Intra‐abdominal fluid collection, abscess · adults with uncomplicated appendicitis
It is very uncertain whether antibiotics changes intra‐abdominal abscess or collection compared with surgery (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 1.58 [0.61, 4.07]6 studies · 1831 participantsVery low
Antibiotics vs surgery
Reoperation · adults with uncomplicated appendicitis
It is very uncertain whether antibiotics changes reoperation compared with surgery (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyOR 0.13 [0.01, 2.16]1 study · 492 participantsVery low
Antibiotics vs surgery
Length of hospital stay · adults with uncomplicated appendicitis
It is very uncertain whether antibiotics changes length of hospital stay (days) compared with surgery (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyMD 0.54 [0.06, 1.01]11 studies · 3192 participantsVery low