Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

197 questions · 212 findings · 20 reviews · Acute Respiratory Infections

No studies found 37 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 19 · 9%Very low 25 · 11.8%Low 35 · 16.5%Moderate 67 · 31.6%High 29 · 13.7%

Live attenuated influenza vaccine vs placebo or no intervention

Otitis media · healthy, community‐dwelling children younger than 16 years of age

Live attenuated influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in otitis media assessed by clinical confirmation (inspection of ear… compared with placebo or do nothing (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Live attenuated influenza vaccine vs placebo or no intervention

Number of children with time off from school during · healthy, community‐dwelling children younger than 16 years of age

It is very uncertain whether live attenuated influenza vaccine changes number of children with time off from school during compared with placebo or do nothing (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Live attenuated influenza vaccine vs placebo or no intervention

Number of parents having to take off work during · healthy, community‐dwelling children younger than 16 years of age

Live attenuated influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in number of parents having to take off work during compared with placebo or do nothing (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Acute exacerbations (number of exacerbations/person/year) · adults (> 18 years of age) with either COPD or recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis

The intervention showed no clear difference in acute exacerbations (number of exacerbations/person/year) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Mortality (deaths during trial period) · adults (> 18 years of age) with either COPD or recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes mortality (deaths during trial period) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Antibiotic prescriptions (number of courses/person/year) **Corticosteroids not meta‐analysed · adults (> 18 years of age) with either COPD or recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis

The intervention may leads to higher antibiotic prescriptions (number of courses/person/year)… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events (number of adverse events/person/year) · adults (> 18 years of age) with either COPD or recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events (number of adverse events/person/year) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review