What do systematic reviews say?

PVC catheter vs silicone catheter

PVC catheter showed no clear difference in marked local irritation procedure not specified compared with silicone catheter (moderate certainty).

• Types of indwelling urinary catheters for long‐term bladder drainage in adults 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 5 [0.28, 88.53]
  1 study · 14 participants
  Moderate

Hydrogel coated latex catheter vs silicone catheter

• Types of indwelling urinary catheters for long‐term bladder drainage in adults 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 69 participants
  Low

Hydrogel coated latex catheter vs silicone catheter

Hydrogel coated latex catheter may leads to lower retaining catheter for less than 16 weeks procedure not specified compared with silicone catheter (low certainty).

• Types of indwelling urinary catheters for long‐term bladder drainage in adults 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.41 [0.22, 0.77]
  1 study · 69 participants
  Low

Silver alloyed catheter vs silicone catheter

Silver alloyed catheter showed no clear difference in urethral pain/discomfort Questionnaire (?) compared with silicone catheter (low certainty).

• Types of indwelling urinary catheters for long‐term bladder drainage in adults 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.25 [0.03, 1.86]
  1 study · 20 participants
  Low

Hydrogel coated latex catheter vs silicone catheter

Hydrogel coated latex catheter may leads to lower participants not satisfied questionnaire compared with silicone catheter (low certainty).

• Types of indwelling urinary catheters for long‐term bladder drainage in adults 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.68 [0.49, 0.95]
  1 study · 69 participants
  Low

Hydrogel coated latex catheter vs silicone catheter

• Types of indwelling urinary catheters for long‐term bladder drainage in adults 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 69 participants
  Low

Silver alloyed catheter vs silicone catheter

Silver alloyed catheter showed no clear difference in residual urine sensation Questionnaire (?) compared with silicone catheter (low certainty).

• Types of indwelling urinary catheters for long‐term bladder drainage in adults 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.4 [0.1, 1.6]
  1 study · 20 participants
  Low

Silver alloyed catheter vs silicone catheter

Silver alloyed catheter showed no clear difference in pain when removing the catheter Questionnnaire (?) compared with silicone catheter (low certainty).

• Types of indwelling urinary catheters for long‐term bladder drainage in adults 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.17, 5.77]
  1 study · 20 participants
  Low

Silver alloyed catheter vs silicone catheter

Silver alloyed catheter showed no clear difference in with turbid urine Questionnaire compared with silicone catheter (low certainty).

• Types of indwelling urinary catheters for long‐term bladder drainage in adults 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.25 [0.03, 1.86]
  1 study · 20 participants
  Low

Latex catheter vs PVC catheter

• Types of indwelling urinary catheters for long‐term bladder drainage in adults 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 14 participants
  Moderate

Latex catheter vs PVC catheter

Latex catheter showed no clear difference in retaining catheter for less than 6 weeks procedure not specified compared with PVC catheter (moderate certainty).

• Types of indwelling urinary catheters for long‐term bladder drainage in adults 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 11 [0.72, 167.68]
  1 study · 14 participants
  Moderate

Latex catheter vs PVC catheter

Latex catheter showed no clear difference in pain, bleeding or purulent discharge procedure not specified compared with PVC catheter (moderate certainty).

• Types of indwelling urinary catheters for long‐term bladder drainage in adults 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 5 [0.28, 88.53]
  1 study · 14 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Mobile phone messaging for facilitating self‐management of long‐term illnesses 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 88 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Mobile phone messaging for facilitating self‐management of long‐term illnesses 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 142 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Mobile phone messaging for facilitating self‐management of long‐term illnesses 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 59 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Mobile phone messaging for facilitating self‐management of long‐term illnesses 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 142 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Mobile phone messaging for facilitating self‐management of long‐term illnesses 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 72 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Mobile phone messaging for facilitating self‐management of long‐term illnesses 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 75 participants
  Very low

Tiotropium vs long‐acting beta‐agonists

• Tiotropium versus long‐acting beta‐agonists for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 4935 participants
  GRADE not reported

Tiotropium vs long‐acting beta‐agonists

Tiotropium probably leads to lower patients with 1 or more exacerbations compared with long‐acting beta‐agonists (moderate certainty).

• Tiotropium versus long‐acting beta‐agonists for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.86 [0.79, 0.93]
  6 studies · 12123 participants
  Moderate