Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,006 questions · 3,171 findings · 607 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 411 · 13%GRADE not reported 153 · 4.8%Very low 968 · 30.5%Low 897 · 28.3%Moderate 589 · 18.6%High 153 · 4.8%

Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Heel pain: VAS 0 to 100 (higher scores = worse pain) ‐ short‐term · Adults with plantar heel pain¹

Local steroid injection showed no clear difference in heel pain: VAS 0 to 100 (higher scores = worse pain) ‐ short‐term compared with placebo or no treatment control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Heel pain: VAS 0 to 100 (higher scores = worse pain) ‐ medium‐term · Adults with plantar heel pain¹

Local steroid injection showed no clear difference in heel pain: VAS 0 to 100 (higher scores = worse pain) ‐ medium‐term compared with placebo or no treatment control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Function: medium‐term FFI (0 to 100: higher scores = worse function) FHSQ (0 to 100: higher scores = better function · Adults with plantar heel pain¹

It is very uncertain whether local steroid injection changes function: medium‐term FFI (0 to 100: higher scores = worse function)… compared with placebo or no treatment control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Severity of ADHD (at study completion) WRAADDS scale (0 to 28), ADHD‐RS scale (0 to 54) or CAARS scale (0 to 48). On all scales, a higher score equates to more symptoms (at 6 weeks) · Adults with ADHD
1 finding from 1 review

Zonisamide vs placebo

Functional abilities Change in TRS part B score (motor tasks) Change in TRS part C score (functional disability) (higher scores indicate a better outcome) · patients with essential tremor

It is very uncertain whether zonisamide changes functional abilities Change in TRS part B score (motor tasks) Change… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Communication skills training vs no specific training

Patient satisfaction: 1. Satisfaction with treatment: average endpoint score (CSQ‐8, high = good, medium term) · psychiatrists and people with schizoaffective disorder or schizophrenia

Communication skills training showed no clear difference in patient satisfaction: 1. Satisfaction with treatment: average… compared with no specific training (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Communication skills training vs no specific training

Patient satisfaction: 2. Satisfaction with therapeutic relationship: average endpoint score (STAR‐P, high = good, medium term) · psychiatrists and people with schizoaffective disorder or schizophrenia

Communication skills training showed no clear difference in patient satisfaction: 2. Satisfaction with therapeutic relationship:… compared with no specific training (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Communication skills training vs no specific training

Mental state: General, Positive and Negative Symptoms: Average endpoint score (PANSS General, Positive, Negative, high = poor, medium term) · psychiatrists and people with schizoaffective disorder or schizophrenia

Communication skills training showed no clear difference in mental state: General, Positive and Negative Symptoms: Average… compared with no specific training (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review