Nausea duration (nausea‐free at end of treatment) Measured by participant self‐report or medical or nursing observation · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…
It is very uncertain whether aromatherapy changes nausea duration (nausea‐free at end of treatment) Assessed by… compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient satisfaction with treatment Measured by a validated scale · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Rescue antiemetic · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…
Aromatherapy may leads to lower proportion requiring rescue antiemetics Assessed by numbers of… compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient satisfaction with treatment Measured by a validated scale · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Nausea severity · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…
1 finding from 1 review
Nausea duration (nausea‐free at end of treatment) Measured by participant self‐report or medical or nursing observation · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Rescue antiemetic · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Postoperative opioid consumption, 'overall' (MEQ, mg) · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Gastrointestinal recovery · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia
It is very uncertain whether intravenous (IV) lidocaine changes gastrointestinal recovery compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events (e.g. the number of participants that died, or had arrhythmias, other heart rate disorders, or showed any signs of lidocaine toxicity) · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Nausea · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia
It is very uncertain whether intravenous (IV) lidocaine changes postoperative nausea, 'overall' (0 to 24 h, to 48 h, to 72 h) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Postoperative opioid consumption, 'overall' (MEQ, mg) · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Gastrointestinal recovery · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events (e.g. the number of participants that died, or had arrhythmias, other heart rate disorders, or showed any signs of lidocaine toxicity) · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Nausea · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Postoperative delirium (POD) within 7 days (As assessed by any method such as the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) in the first week after operation) · adults aged 18 years or over undergoing general anaesthesia for non‐cardiac or non‐neurosurgical elective operations
The intervention probably leads to lower postoperative delirium (POD) within 7 days (As assessed by any… (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) (As determined by any method of assessing POCD including a battery of neuropsychological tests according to the criteria described by the International Study of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (ISPOCD)) · adults aged 18 years or over undergoing general anaesthesia for non‐cardiac or non‐neurosurgical elective operations
The intervention showed no clear difference in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) (As determined by any… (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
All‐cause mortality · adults aged 18 years or over undergoing general anaesthesia for non‐cardiac or non‐neurosurgical elective operations
The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review