What do systematic reviews say?

Home support vs telephone triage

Home support showed no clear difference in apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes compared with telephone triage (low certainty).

• Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.19 [0.71, 1.99]
  3 studies · 5170 participants
  Low

One‐to‐one structured care vs usual care

• Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

One‐to‐one structured care vs usual care

One‐to‐one structured care showed no clear difference in rate of caesarean section compared with usual care (high certainty).

• Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.84, 1.02]
  1 study · 4996 participants
  High

One‐to‐one structured care vs usual care

One‐to‐one structured care showed no clear difference in rate of instrumental vaginal birth compared with usual care (high certainty).

• Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.82, 1.08]
  1 study · 4996 participants
  High

One‐to‐one structured care vs usual care

One‐to‐one structured care showed no clear difference in serious maternal morbidity compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.13 [0.84, 1.52]
  1 study · 4996 participants
  Moderate

One‐to‐one structured care vs usual care

One‐to‐one structured care showed no clear difference in use of epidural or any regional anaesthesia compared with usual care (high certainty).

• Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.99, 1.01]
  1 study · 4996 participants
  High

Assessment vs direct admission

It is very uncertain whether assessment changes rate of caesarean section compared with direct admission (very low certainty).

• Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.72 [0.3, 1.72]
  1 study · 209 participants
  Very low

One‐to‐one structured care vs usual care

One‐to‐one structured care showed no clear difference in neonatal admission to special care compared with usual care (high certainty).

• Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.8, 1.21]
  1 study · 4989 participants
  High

One‐to‐one structured care vs usual care

One‐to‐one structured care showed no clear difference in apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [0.64, 1.79]
  1 study · 4989 participants
  Moderate

Assessment vs direct admission

It is very uncertain whether assessment changes rate of instrumental vaginal birth compared with direct admission (very low certainty).

• Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.58, 1.26]
  1 study · 209 participants
  Very low

Assessment vs direct admission

• Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Assessment vs direct admission

Assessment may leads to lower use of epidural or any regional anaesthesia compared with direct admission (low certainty).

• Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.78, 0.98]
  1 study · 209 participants
  Low

Assessment vs direct admission

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Assessment vs direct admission

It is very uncertain whether assessment changes apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes compared with direct admission (very low certainty).

• Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.97 [0.12, 72.12]
  1 study · 209 participants
  Very low

Home support vs telephone triage

• Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 3474 participants
  Low

Home support vs telephone triage

Home support showed no clear difference in rate of caesarean section compared with telephone triage (moderate certainty).

• Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.95, 1.17]
  3 studies · 5170 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in bloodstream infection (during intervention period) (low certainty).

• Early planned removal of umbilical venous catheters to prevent infection in newborn infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.65 [0.35, 1.22]
  1 study · 210 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (up to hospital discharge) (low certainty).

• Early planned removal of umbilical venous catheters to prevent infection in newborn infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.12 [0.42, 2.98]
  1 study · 210 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in catheter‐associated thrombosis necessitating removal of catheter… (low certainty).

• Early planned removal of umbilical venous catheters to prevent infection in newborn infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.94]
  1 study · 210 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes PTB (< 37 w) (very low certainty).

• Obstetric outcomes after conservative treatment for cervical intraepithelial lesions and early invasive disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.75 [1.57, 1.96]
  59 studies · 5242917 participants
  Very low