Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,072 questions · 4,237 findings · 447 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 946 · 22.3%GRADE not reported 257 · 6.1%Very low 1,121 · 26.5%Low 1,207 · 28.5%Moderate 568 · 13.4%High 138 · 3.3%

Intervention not reported

Subgroup 2: Length of hospital stay (days) distal and proximal to ligament of Treitz · lower gastrointestinal surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 190 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Subgroup 3: Length of hospital stay (days) oral feeding only · lower gastrointestinal surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 1075 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Subgroup 4: Length of hospital stay (days) tube feeding with/without oral feeding · lower gastrointestinal surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 271 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Sensitivity analysis 2: Removing studies with imputed results · lower gastrointestinal surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 396 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Senstivity analysis 3: Worst case scenario imputation · lower gastrointestinal surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 235 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Senstivity analysis 4: Best case scenario imputation · lower gastrointestinal surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 235 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

All VTE · patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery

The intervention probably leads to lower all VTE (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.38 [0.26, 0.54]
7 studies · 1728 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All DVT (sensitivity analysis unpublished) · patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery

The intervention probably leads to lower all DVT (sensitivity analysis unpublished) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.4 [0.27, 0.58]
6 studies · 1620 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All DVT · patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery

The intervention probably leads to lower all DVT (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.39 [0.27, 0.55]
7 studies · 1728 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Proximal DVT · patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery

The intervention probably leads to lower proximal DVT (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.22 [0.1, 0.47]
7 studies · 1728 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Symptomatic VTE · patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery

The intervention showed no clear difference in symptomatic VTE (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0 [0.08, 1.11]
7 studies · 1728 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Bleeding complications · patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery

The intervention showed no clear difference in bleeding complications (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.1 [0.67, 1.81]
7 studies · 2239 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Mortality · patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.15 [0.72, 1.84]
7 studies · 1881 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All VTE (subgroup analysis open only) · patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery

The intervention probably leads to lower all VTE (subgroup analysis open only) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.42 [0.29, 0.6]
6 studies · 1503 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All DVT (subgroup analysis open only) · patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery

The intervention probably leads to lower all DVT (subgroup analysis open only) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.43 [0.3, 0.62]
6 studies · 1503 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All VTE (sensitivity analysis unpublished) · patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery

The intervention probably leads to lower all VTE (sensitivity analysis unpublished) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.38 [0.27, 0.56]
6 studies · 1620 participants
Moderate

Preoperative antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic

Wound infection · breast cancer surgery

Preoperative antibiotics probably leads to lower wound infections Proportion of wound infections compared with placebo or no antibiotic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.67 [0.53, 0.85]
10 studies · 2823 participants
Moderate

Perioperative antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic

Economic outcomes: Cost of care · breast cancer surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Preoperative antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic

Adverse reactions to treatment Proportion of participants with adverse reactions to treatment · breast cancer surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 2818 participants
Very low

Preoperative antibiotics vs placebo or no antibiotic

Time to onset of infection · breast cancer surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1450 participants
Low