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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,288 questions · 3,354 findings · 516 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 720 · 21.5%GRADE not reported 164 · 4.9%Very low 950 · 28.3%Low 932 · 27.8%Moderate 434 · 12.9%High 154 · 4.6%

Foam sclerotherapy vs foam sclerotherapy

Cosmetic appearance · participants with varicose veinsa

It is very uncertain whether foam sclerotherapy changes cosmetic appearance (self‐described cosmetic improvement) compared with foam sclerotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Foam sclerotherapy vs foam sclerotherapy

Number of thromboembolic complications · participants with varicose veinsa

It is very uncertain whether foam sclerotherapy changes complications ‐ thromboembolic compared with foam sclerotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous vs intermittent bolus (nasogastric and orogastric tube) milk feeding ‐ all preterm infants less than 1500 grams

Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm infants less than 1500 grams

Continuous showed no clear difference in necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) compared with intermittent bolus (nasogastric and orogastric tube) milk feeding ‐… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidants vs placebo

Global Impressions scale change item (CGI‐I or similar): no. of responders (acute phase) · adults with trichotillomania

Antioxidants showed no clear difference in treatment responseaClinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement Scale… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cell signal transducers vs placebo

Global Impressions scale change item (CGI‐I or similar): no. of responders (acute phase) · adults with trichotillomania

Cell signal transducers showed no clear difference in treatment responseaClinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement Scale… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Glutamate modulators vs placebo

Global Impressions scale change item (CGI‐I or similar): no. of responders (acute phase) · adults with trichotillomania

Glutamate modulators probably leads to higher treatment responseaClinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement Scale… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Glutamate modulators vs placebo

Global Impressions scale change item (CGI‐I or similar): no. of responders (acute phase) · children and adolescents with trichotillomania

Glutamate modulators showed no clear difference in treatment responseaClinical Global Impressions ‐ Improvement Scale… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review