Intervention not reported
Adverse events ‐ local adverse events Acute and chronic conditions combined · adults with strains or sprains (acute) or osteoarthritis or low back pain (chronic)
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Withdrawals ‐ lack of efficacy Acute and chronic conditions combined · adults with strains or sprains (acute) or osteoarthritis or low back pain (chronic)
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Withdrawals ‐ adverse events Acute and chronic conditions combined · adults with strains or sprains (acute) or osteoarthritis or low back pain (chronic)
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Pain‐free response at 2 h · adults with migraine headache ‐ moderate or severe pain
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High
Intervention not reported
Headache relief at 2 h · adults with migraine headache ‐ moderate or severe pain
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High
Intervention not reported
Headache relief at 1 h · adults with migraine headache ‐ moderate or severe pain
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High
Intervention not reported
Sustained pain‐free during the 24 h post dose · adults with migraine headache ‐ moderate or severe pain
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate
Intervention not reported
Sustained headache relief during the 24 h post dose · adults with migraine headache ‐ moderate or severe pain
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High
Intervention not reported
At least one AE · adults with migraine headache ‐ moderate or severe pain
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High
Intervention not reported
Serious AE* · adults with migraine headache ‐ moderate or severe pain
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate
Intervention not reported
Effective pain relief · adults with acute pain
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
4262 participants
High
Intervention not reported
Serious adverse events · adults with acute pain
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery
Nalbuphine may leads to lower number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) compared with placebo (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (postoperative care unit) · children undergoing surgery
Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting… compared with morphine (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery
Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours… compared with morphine (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (12 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery
Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (2 hours… compared with tramadol (low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
RR 0.75 [0.39, 1.43]
1 study · 76 participants
Low
RR 0.33 [0.04, 2.77]
1 study · 24 participants
Low
RR 1.45 [0.5, 4.16]
2 studies · 110 participants
Low
Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery
Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours… compared with tramadol (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (12 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery
Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (2 hours… compared with pethidine (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review