What do systematic reviews say?

Smartphone app vs lower‐intensity support

It is very uncertain whether smartphone app changes long‐term abstinence (all randomised) compared with lower‐intensity support (very low certainty).

• Mobile phone text messaging and app‐based interventions for smoking cessation 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.66, 1.52]
  5 studies · 3079 participants
  Very low

Higher vs lower intensity motivational interviewing

Higher may leads to higher smoking cessation at ≥ 6 months compared with lower intensity motivational interviewing (low certainty).

• Motivational interviewing for smoking cessation 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.23 [1.11, 1.37]
  5 studies · 5620 participants
  Low

37°C vs any lower temperature

• Temperature of embryo culture for assisted reproduction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1 participants
  GRADE not reported

37°C vs any lower temperature

It is very uncertain whether 37°C changes miscarriage compared with any lower temperature (very low certainty).

• Temperature of embryo culture for assisted reproduction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.9 [0.52, 1.55]
  1 study · 412 participants
  Very low

37°C vs any lower temperature

It is very uncertain whether 37°C changes clinical pregnancy compared with any lower temperature (very low certainty).

• Temperature of embryo culture for assisted reproduction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.08 [0.73, 1.6]
  1 study · 412 participants
  Very low

37°C vs any lower temperature

It is very uncertain whether 37°C changes ongoing pregnancy compared with any lower temperature (very low certainty).

• Temperature of embryo culture for assisted reproduction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.1 [0.75, 1.62]
  1 study · 412 participants
  Very low

37°C vs any lower temperature

It is very uncertain whether 37°C changes multiple pregnancy compared with any lower temperature (very low certainty).

• Temperature of embryo culture for assisted reproduction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.8 [0.31, 2.07]
  1 study · 412 participants
  Very low

37°C vs any lower temperature

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Temperature of embryo culture for assisted reproduction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Additional higher frequency work breaks vs additional lower frequency work breaks

• Work‐break schedules for preventing musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders in healthy workers 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 10 participants
  Very low

Additional higher frequency work breaks vs additional lower frequency work breaks

• Work‐break schedules for preventing musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders in healthy workers 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 10 participants
  Very low

A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher vs 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients

A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher showed no clear difference in pre‐eclampsia compared with 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients (low certainty).

• Regimens of vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.65, 1.42]
  5 studies · 1553 participants
  Low

A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher vs 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients

A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher probably leads to lower gestational diabetes compared with 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients (moderate certainty).

• Regimens of vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.54 [0.34, 0.86]
  5 studies · 1846 participants
  Moderate

A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher vs 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients

A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher showed no clear difference in preterm birth compared with 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients (low certainty).

• Regimens of vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.25 [0.92, 1.69]
  4 studies · 2294 participants
  Low

A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher vs 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients

It is very uncertain whether A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher changes low birthweight compared with 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients (very low certainty).

• Regimens of vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.66, 1.24]
  4 studies · 1550 participants
  Very low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in bleeding complications: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

• Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.12 [0.01, 2.11]
  1 study · 54 participants
  Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in intraventricular hemorrhage > Grade II: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

• Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.36 [0.04, 3.24]
  1 study · 54 participants
  Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in presence of PIVKA II at day 5: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

• Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.36 [0.24, 7.57]
  1 study · 61 participants
  Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in presence of PIVKA II at day 25: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

• Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.06, 14.6]
  1 study · 53 participants
  Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitis: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

• Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [0.16, 7.1]
  1 study · 54 participants
  Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in sepsis: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

• Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.26, 2.86]
  1 study · 54 participants
  Low