Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,661 questions · 2,751 findings · 453 reviews

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No studies found 593 · 21.6%GRADE not reported 277 · 10.1%Very low 538 · 19.6%Low 712 · 25.9%Moderate 516 · 18.8%High 115 · 4.2%

Intervention not reported

HRQoL at 6 or 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Deep surgical site infection at 30 days or 90 days, or time points reported by study authors · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Delayed or non‐union at time points reported by study authors · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Unplanned operations at 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Adverse events: superficial infection · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events: superficial infection (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.19 [0.49, 2.87]
1 study · 77 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Return to work by 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed)

Limb function at 6 or 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed)

HRQoL at 6 or 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Antibiotic versus heparin only lock/flush solution: catheter‐related infections · adults and children diagnosed with an oncologic disease with a newly‐inserted long‐term CVC who were at risk of neutropenia due to…

The intervention probably leads to lower antibiotic versus heparin only lock/flush solution: catheter‐related… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing gram‐positive infections associated with long‐term central venous catheters in… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Rate ratio 0.47 [0.26, 0.85]
5 studies · 443 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Antibiotic versus heparin only lock/flush solution: adverse events · adults and children diagnosed with an oncologic disease with a newly‐inserted long‐term CVC who were at risk of neutropenia due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing gram‐positive infections associated with long‐term central venous catheters in… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 300 participants
Low

Aseptic technique vs clean technique

Number of participants with symptomatic UTI · long‐term bladder management

Aseptic technique showed no clear difference in number with symptomatic UTI compared with clean technique (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.2 [0.54, 2.66]
1 study · 36 participants
Low

Single‐use (sterile) catheter vs multiple‐use (clean) catheter

Cost‐effectiveness · long‐term bladder management

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Hydrophilic‐coated catheter vs uncoated catheter

Number of participants with symptomatic UTI · long‐term bladder management

Hydrophilic‐coated catheter showed no clear difference in number with symptomatic UTI compared with uncoated catheter (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.69, 1.14]
2 studies · 98 participants
Low

Hydrophilic‐coated catheter vs uncoated catheter

Adverse effects (urethral trauma/bleeding/haematuria) · long‐term bladder management

Hydrophilic‐coated catheter probably leads to higher adverse effects (urethral trauma/bleeding/haematuria) compared with uncoated catheter (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.37 [1.01, 1.87]
3 studies · 400 participants
Moderate

Hydrophilic‐coated catheter vs uncoated catheter

Participant‐assessed outcome (satisfaction) (higher score = greater satisfaction)Scale from: 0 to 10 · long‐term bladder management

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 114 participants
Very low

Hydrophilic‐coated catheter vs uncoated catheter

Participant‐assessed outcome(preference) · long‐term bladder management

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 29 participants
GRADE not reported

Hydrophilic‐coated catheter vs uncoated catheter

Cost‐effectiveness · long‐term bladder management

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Aseptic technique vs clean technique

Adverse effects (urethral trauma/bleeding/haematuria) · long‐term bladder management

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Aseptic technique vs clean technique

Participant‐assessed outcome(satisfaction) · long‐term bladder management

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Aseptic technique vs clean technique

Participant‐assessed outcome(preference) · long‐term bladder management

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found