Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,355 questions · 2,459 findings · 279 reviews

No studies found 556 · 22.6%GRADE not reported 490 · 19.9%Very low 593 · 24.1%Low 479 · 19.5%Moderate 243 · 9.9%High 98 · 4%

Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide

Participant‐reported pain intensity VAS (0‐10, lower score = less pain) · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether nitrous oxide changes pain scores (first postoperative day) VAS, lower score indicates… compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Atraumatic restorative treatment vs Conventional treatment with local anaesthesia

Discomfort associated with the procedure · People with dental caries in primary teeth (mainly children)

The reported estimate for discomfort with ART versus conventional treatment was inconclusive (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Glass ionomer cement vs Resin adhesive

Initiation of white spot lesions (WSL), visual-tactile assessment · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch)

Glass ionomer cement did not show a statistically significant difference in new white spot lesions versus resin adhesive (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Glass ionomer cement (for bracket bonding) vs Resin adhesive

Initiation of white spot lesions (WSL), visual-tactile assessment · Patients of any age (11-40 years) receiving comprehensive/fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances

There is no clear difference in WSL initiation between glass ionomer cement and resin adhesive for bracket bonding (RR 0.72, not significant); certainty of evidence is very low.

1 finding from 1 review