Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,038 questions · 2,118 findings · 339 reviews

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No studies found 323 · 15.3%GRADE not reported 166 · 7.8%Very low 552 · 26.1%Low 592 · 28%Moderate 340 · 16.1%High 145 · 6.8%

Additional higher frequency work breaks vs additional lower frequency work breaks

Participant‐reported musculoskeletal pain, discomfort or fatigue Method: 0‐100 mm VAS · office workers

1 finding from 1 review

Work‐break schedules for preventing musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders in healthy workers 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 10 participants
Very low

Additional higher frequency work breaks vs additional lower frequency work breaks

Productivity or work performance Method: number of words typed per 3 hours · office workers

1 finding from 1 review

Work‐break schedules for preventing musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders in healthy workers 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 10 participants
Very low

A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher vs 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients

Pre‐eclampsia · women during pregnancy

A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher showed no clear difference in pre‐eclampsia compared with 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.65, 1.42]
5 studies · 1553 participants
Low

A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher vs 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients

Gestational diabetes · women during pregnancy

A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher probably leads to lower gestational diabetes compared with 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.54 [0.34, 0.86]
5 studies · 1846 participants
Moderate

A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher vs 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients

Preterm birth · women during pregnancy

A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher showed no clear difference in preterm birth compared with 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.25 [0.92, 1.69]
4 studies · 2294 participants
Low

A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher vs 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients

Low birthweight · women during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher changes low birthweight compared with 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.66, 1.24]
4 studies · 1550 participants
Very low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Bleeding complications: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in bleeding complications: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.12 [0.01, 2.11]
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Intraventricular hemorrhage > Grade II: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in intraventricular hemorrhage > Grade II: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.36 [0.04, 3.24]
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Presence of PIVKA II at day 5: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in presence of PIVKA II at day 5: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.36 [0.24, 7.57]
1 study · 61 participants
Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Presence of PIVKA II at day 25: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in presence of PIVKA II at day 25: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.06, 14.6]
1 study · 53 participants
Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Necrotizing enterocolitis: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitis: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.16, 7.1]
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Sepsis: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in sepsis: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.26, 2.86]
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Mortality (all infants): 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in mortality (all infants): 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.13 [0.6, 7.51]
1 study · 65 participants
Low

Higher vs lower omega‐6: additional key outcomes

All‐cause mortality Study duration range 12‐96 months Omega‐6 dose range 1.5%‐24.5% E · adults with or without existing CVD

Higher showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality Study duration range 12‐96 months Omega‐6 dose… compared with lower omega‐6: primary outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐6 fats for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.88, 1.12]
10 studies · 4506 participants
Low

Higher vs lower omega‐6: additional key outcomes

LDL Study duration range 12‐24 months Omega‐6 dose range 2.0%‐15.0% E · adults with or without existing CVD

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐6 fats for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 244 participants
Low

Higher vs lower omega‐6: additional key outcomes

HDL Study duration range 12‐24 months Omega‐6 dose range 2.0%‐15.0% E · adults with or without existing CVD

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐6 fats for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1995 participants
Low

Higher vs lower omega‐6: additional key outcomes

Weight (kg) · adults with or without existing CVD

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐6 fats for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 358 participants
Very low

Higher vs lower omega‐6: additional key outcomes

Body‐mass index (BMI) · adults with or without existing CVD

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐6 fats for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 371 participants
Moderate

Higher vs lower omega‐6: additional key outcomes

Cardiovascular mortality · adults with or without existing CVD

It is very uncertain whether higher changes cardiovascular mortality Study duration range 24‐96 months Omega‐6… compared with lower omega‐6: primary outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐6 fats for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.76, 1.55]
7 studies · 4019 participants
Very low

Higher vs lower omega‐6: additional key outcomes

Cardiovascular events · adults with or without existing CVD

Higher showed no clear difference in cardiovascular events: any Study duration range 12‐96 months Omega‐6… compared with lower omega‐6: primary outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐6 fats for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.81, 1.15]
7 studies · 4962 participants
Low