Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,908 questions · 3,101 findings · 509 reviews

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No studies found 571 · 18.4%GRADE not reported 358 · 11.5%Very low 723 · 23.3%Low 854 · 27.5%Moderate 489 · 15.8%High 106 · 3.4%

Intervention not reported

Pain Intensity ‐ short‐term · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for mechanical neck disorders 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 106 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Pain Intensity: Short term · Patients with unknown duration of mechanical neck pain

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for mechanical neck disorders 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 180 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Pain Intensity: short‐term · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for mechanical neck disorders 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 108 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Length of stay on the intensive care unit (days) · Adult patients with SIRS or sepsis

1 finding from 1 review

N‐acetylcysteine for sepsis and systemic inflammatory response in adults 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
19 studies · 1309 participants
Moderate

Black cohosh vs placebo

Vasomotor symptoms: hot flush intensity · patients with menopausal symptoms

1 finding from 1 review

Black cohosh (Cimicifuga spp.) for menopausal symptoms 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 214 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Primary Outcome: Hypotension · Adults (over 18 years) with requirement for an ERCP procedure with diagnostic intent

1 finding from 1 review

Sedative techniques for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 510 participants
Moderate

Postoperative feeding via nasojejunal tube vs no postoperative parental nutrition (conventional intravenous electrolyte solution)

Intensive care unit length of stay after liver transplantation [hours] · adult patients after liver transplantation.

1 finding from 1 review

Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 31 participants
Very low

Enteral nutrition via nasojejunal tube plus intravenous glutamine‐dipeptide supplementation vs parenteral nutrition

Intensive care unit length of stay after liver transplantation [days] (ITT) · adult patients after liver transplantation.

1 finding from 1 review

Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

Parenteral nutrition plus branched‐chain‐amino‐acid‐enriched formula vs standard isotonic intravenous glucose solution

Intensive care unit length of stay after liver transplantation [days] (ITT) · adult patients after liver transplantation.

1 finding from 1 review

Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Low

Parenteral nutrition with omega‐3 fish oil vs parenteral nutrition

Intensive care unit length of stay after liver transplantation [days] (ITT) · adult patients after liver transplantation.

1 finding from 1 review

Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 36 participants
Very low

Yoga vs no breathing exercises

Dyspnoea during exercise Modified Borg dyspnoea score at end of 6‐minute walk test Scores range from 0 to 10, with lower scores indicating less shortness of breath · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 29 participants
Low

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy, biofeedback, combination CBT/biofeedback, physical self-regulation/posture self-control) vs usual care

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy,… led to lower pain intensity (long term) compared with usual care (conservative treatment: education, counselling,…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Long term (more than 3 months)
SMD -0.34 [-0.50, -0.18]
7 studies · 658 participants
GRADE not reported

Hypnosis vs relaxation

Reduction in pain intensity · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))

Hypnosis led to lower pain intensity (short term) compared with relaxation; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Short term
MD -1.84 [-3.26, -0.42]
2 studies · 81 participants
GRADE not reported

Habit reversal vs waiting list control

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))

Habit reversal led to lower pain intensity (short term / post-treatment) compared with waiting list control; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Short term (post-treatment)
SMD -1.31 [-1.97, -0.65]
1 study
GRADE not reported

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs Attention placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (burning mouth syndrome)

Cognitive (behavioural) therapy led to lower burning mouth pain intensity (6-month follow-up) compared with attention placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Long term (6-month follow-up)
SMD -2.79 [-3.83, -1.75]
1 study
GRADE not reported

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs Attention placebo

Burning mouth pain intensity (post-treatment) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (burning mouth syndrome)

Cognitive (behavioural) therapy led to lower burning mouth pain intensity (post-treatment) compared with attention placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Short term (post-treatment)
SMD -2.40 [-3.40, -1.40]
1 study
GRADE not reported

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy, biofeedback, combination CBT/biofeedback, physical self-regulation/posture self-control) vs usual care

Reduction in pain intensity · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy,… led to higher pain intensity (short term) compared with usual care (conservative treatment: education, counselling,…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Short term (3 months or less) · Combination CBT/biofeedback
SMD 0.46 [0.02, 0.90]
2 studies · 90 participants
GRADE not reported

Oral propranolol vs placebo

Reduction in pain intensity · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral propranolol (beta-blocker) led to lower reduction in pain intensity (percentage of patients responding) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
1 week per period (cross-over)
Tchivileva et al 2010: a significantly greater percentage of patients (67.5% versus 32.5%) experienced reduction in pain intensity rating during the propranolol treatment period than the placebo treatment period (P =…
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported
Pharmacological interventions for pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
1 week per period (cross-over)
Tchivileva et al 2010: Reduction in pain intensity rating (primary outcome) comparing propranolol treatment to placebo treatment did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.104); pairwise differences between…
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs waiting list control

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 74 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Pain intensity various scales long‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 48 participants
Very low