What do systematic reviews say?

Postoperative use of LNG‐IUD vs expectant management

• Levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine device (LNG‐IUD) for symptomatic endometriosis following surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 55 participants
  Very low

Drain use vs No drain

Drain use showed no clear difference in mortality compared with no drain use following pancreatic surgery (low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.31, 1.99]
  4 studies · 1055 participants
  Low
• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.23 [0.06, 0.9]
  2 studies · 478 participants
  Low

Active drain vs passive drain

It is very uncertain whether active drain changes intra‐abdominal infection compared with passive drain following pancreatic surgery (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.21, 3.66]
  2 studies · 321 participants
  Very low

Active drain vs passive drain

It is very uncertain whether active drain changes wound infection compared with passive drain following pancreatic surgery (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.44, 1.9]
  2 studies · 321 participants
  Very low

Active drain vs passive drain

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 223 participants
  Very low

Active drain vs passive drain

It is very uncertain whether active drain changes morbidity compared with passive drain following pancreatic surgery (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.53, 1.77]
  2 studies · 382 participants
  Very low

Active drain vs passive drain

It is very uncertain whether active drain changes length of hospital stay compared with passive drain following pancreatic surgery (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 321 participants
  Very low

Early vs late drain removal following pancreatic surgery

It is very uncertain whether early changes mortality compared with late drain removal following pancreatic surgery (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.06, 15.45]
  3 studies · 399 participants
  Very low
• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Early vs late drain removal following pancreatic surgery

It is very uncertain whether early changes intra‐abdominal infection compared with late drain removal following pancreatic surgery (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.44 [0.22, 0.89]
  2 studies · 285 participants
  Very low

Early vs late drain removal following pancreatic surgery

It is very uncertain whether early changes wound infection compared with late drain removal following pancreatic surgery (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.32 [0.45, 3.85]
  2 studies · 285 participants
  Very low

Early vs late drain removal following pancreatic surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Early vs late drain removal following pancreatic surgery

It is very uncertain whether early changes morbidity compared with late drain removal following pancreatic surgery (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.49 [0.3, 0.81]
  2 studies · 258 participants
  Very low

Early vs late drain removal following pancreatic surgery

It is very uncertain whether early changes length of hospital stay compared with late drain removal following pancreatic surgery (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 399 participants
  Very low

Drain use vs No drain

It is very uncertain whether drain use changes intra‐abdominal infection compared with no drain use following pancreatic surgery (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.52, 1.8]
  4 studies · 1055 participants
  Very low

Drain use vs No drain

Drain use showed no clear difference in wound infection compared with no drain use following pancreatic surgery (low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.68, 1.41]
  4 studies · 1055 participants
  Low

Drain use vs No drain

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 179 participants
  Low

Drain use vs No drain

Drain use showed no clear difference in morbidity compared with no drain use following pancreatic surgery (moderate certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.94, 1.13]
  4 studies · 1055 participants
  Moderate

Drain use vs No drain

Drain use showed no clear difference in length of hospital stay compared with no drain use following pancreatic surgery (low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 876 participants
  Low

Active drain vs passive drain

It is very uncertain whether active drain changes mortality compared with passive drain following pancreatic surgery (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.23 [0.3, 5.06]
  2 studies · 382 participants
  Very low
• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Exercise vs no exercise

It is very uncertain whether exercise changes all‐cause mortality compared with no exercise (very low certainty).

• Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adults after heart valve surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.83 [0.26, 2.68]
  2 studies · 131 participants
  Very low