Secondary outcomes (number of staff; number of hours worked; overtime; staff costs) · Shift workers
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Smoking cessation · people who smoke
Higher‐dose showed no clear difference in smoking cessation ‐ 42/44 mg versus 21/22 mg (24‐hour patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (moderate certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
RR 1.09 [0.93, 1.29]
5 studies · 1655 participants
Moderate
RR 1.19 [1, 1.41]
3 studies · 3446 participants
Moderate
RR 1.48 [1.06, 2.08]
1 study · 537 participants
Moderate
SAEs · people who smoke
Higher‐dose showed no clear difference in overall SAEs ‐ 42/44 mg versus 21/22 mg (24 hr patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Treatment withdrawal · people who smoke
Higher‐dose may leads to higher treatment withdrawals ‐ 42/44 mg versus 21/22 mg (24‐hour patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment withdrawals ‐ 21 mg versus 14 mg (24‐hour patches) · people who smoke
Higher‐dose showed no clear difference in treatment withdrawals ‐ 21 mg versus 14 mg (24‐hour patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Total studies: 50 Total participants: 14,926 · people with chronic pain Interventions: duloxetine low dose (< 60 mg), standard dose (60 mg), and high dose (> 60 mg); milnacipran…
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
50 participants
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Duloxetine high dose RCTs: 14 Participants: 3683 · people with chronic pain Interventions: duloxetine low dose (< 60 mg), standard dose (60 mg), and high dose (> 60 mg); milnacipran…
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
14 participants
Low
Intervention not reported
Duloxetine standard dose RCTs: 18 Participants: 4959 · people with chronic pain Interventions: duloxetine low dose (< 60 mg), standard dose (60 mg), and high dose (> 60 mg); milnacipran…
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
18 participants
Moderate
Intervention not reported
Milnacipran high dose RCTs: 2 Participants: 1670 · people with chronic pain Interventions: duloxetine low dose (< 60 mg), standard dose (60 mg), and high dose (> 60 mg); milnacipran…
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
2 participants
Low
Intervention not reported
Milnacipran standard dose RCTs: 4 Participants: 1866 · people with chronic pain Interventions: duloxetine low dose (< 60 mg), standard dose (60 mg), and high dose (> 60 mg); milnacipran…
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
4 participants
Moderate
Intervention not reported
Duloxetine low dose RCTs: 6 Participants: 1104 · people with chronic pain Interventions: duloxetine low dose (< 60 mg), standard dose (60 mg), and high dose (> 60 mg); milnacipran…
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
6 participants
Moderate
Intervention not reported
Total studies: 38 Total participants: 12,985 · people with chronic pain Interventions: duloxetine (all doses combined), milnacipran (all doses combined), mirtazapine (all doses…
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
38 participants
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Mirtazapine RCTs: 1 Participants: 406 · people with chronic pain Interventions: duloxetine (all doses combined), milnacipran (all doses combined), mirtazapine (all doses…
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 participants
Low
Intervention not reported
Duloxetine RCTs: 26 Participants: 7952 · people with chronic pain Interventions: duloxetine (all doses combined), milnacipran (all doses combined), mirtazapine (all doses…
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
26 participants
Moderate
Intervention not reported
Milnacipran RCTs: 5 Participants: 3109 · people with chronic pain Interventions: duloxetine (all doses combined), milnacipran (all doses combined), mirtazapine (all doses…
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
5 participants
Moderate
Intervention not reported
Total studies: 93 Total participants: 22,558 · people with chronic pain Interventions: amitriptyline standard dose (25‐75 mg); desvenlafaxine high dose (> 50 mg); duloxetine low dose (<…
The intervention led to lower total studies: 93 Total participants: 22,558; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
93 participants
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Desvenlafaxine high dose RCTs: 2 Participants: 905 · people with chronic pain Interventions: amitriptyline standard dose (25‐75 mg); desvenlafaxine high dose (> 50 mg); duloxetine low dose (<…
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
2 participants
Very low
Intervention not reported
Mirtazapine standard dose RCTs: 2 Participants: 457 · people with chronic pain Interventions: amitriptyline standard dose (25‐75 mg); desvenlafaxine high dose (> 50 mg); duloxetine low dose (<…
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
2 participants
Very low
Intervention not reported
Duloxetine standard dose RCTs: 20 Participants: 4998 · people with chronic pain Interventions: amitriptyline standard dose (25‐75 mg); desvenlafaxine high dose (> 50 mg); duloxetine low dose (<…
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
20 participants
Very low
Intervention not reported
Milnacipran standard dose RCTs: 8 Participants: 2491 · people with chronic pain Interventions: amitriptyline standard dose (25‐75 mg); desvenlafaxine high dose (> 50 mg); duloxetine low dose (<…
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
8 participants
Very low