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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,105 questions in 84 reviews · Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders
current versionsNo studies 434 · 39.3%Ungraded 32 · 2.9%Very low 246 · 22.3%Low 237 · 21.4%Moderate 132 · 11.9%High 24 · 2.2%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Socioeconomic effects Non‐nutritive sweeteners for diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Diabetes complications Non‐nutritive sweeteners for diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality Non‐nutritive sweeteners for diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR NNS versus sugar Non‐nutritive sweeteners for diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR NNS versus placebo NNS: aspartame, rebaudioside A, steviol glycoside Non‐nutritive sweeteners for diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.39, 1.56] | 3 studies · 231 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR NNS versus nutritive, low‐calorie sweetener Non‐nutritive sweeteners for diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR HbA1c (%) Non‐nutritive sweeteners for diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR NNS versus sugar NNS: aspartame, saccharin, sodium‐cyclamate Non‐nutritive sweeteners for diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 72 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR NNS versus placebo NNS: aspartame, rebaudioside A, steviol glycoside Non‐nutritive sweeteners for diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 360 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs insulin All‐cause mortality Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs sulphonylureas Health‐related quality of life Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs sulphonylureas Cardiovascular mortality (CVM) Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2940 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs sulphonylureas Non‐fatal myocardial infarction (NFMI) Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 3047 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs sulphonylureas Non‐fatal stroke (NFS) Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs sulphonylureas End‐stage renal disease Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs thiazolidinediones All‐cause mortality Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.55, 1.39] | 5 studies · 4402 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs thiazolidinediones Serious adverse events (SAE) Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.84, 1.09] | 4 studies · 3208 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs thiazolidinediones Health‐related quality of life Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs thiazolidinediones Cardiovascular mortality (CVM) Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.21, 2.39] | 4 studies · 3211 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs thiazolidinediones Non‐fatal myocardial infarction (NFMI) Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 3020 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs insulin Serious adverse events Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs thiazolidinediones Non‐fatal stroke (NFS) Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs thiazolidinediones End‐stage renal disease Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs dipeptidyl‐peptidase 4 inhibitors All‐cause mortality Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1977 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs dipeptidyl‐peptidase 4 inhibitors Serious adverse events (SAE) Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1977 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs dipeptidyl‐peptidase 4 inhibitors Health‐related quality of life Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs dipeptidyl‐peptidase 4 inhibitors Cardiovascular mortality (CVM) Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1206 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs dipeptidyl‐peptidase 4 inhibitors Non‐fatal myocardial infarction (NFMI) Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 543 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs dipeptidyl‐peptidase 4 inhibitors Non‐fatal stroke (NFS) Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 543 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs dipeptidyl‐peptidase 4 inhibitors End‐stage renal disease Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs glucagon like peptide‐1 analogues All‐cause mortality Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 807 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs insulin Health‐related quality of life (Short Form‐36 version 2 questionnaire) Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 91 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs glucagon like peptide‐1 analogues Serious adverse events (SAE) Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 807 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs glucagon like peptide‐1 analogues Health‐related quality of life Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs glucagon like peptide‐1 analogues Cardiovascular mortality (CVM) Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 807 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs glucagon like peptide‐1 analogues Non‐fatal myocardial infarction (NFMI) Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 807 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs glucagon like peptide‐1 analogues Non‐fatal stroke (NFS) Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 807 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs glucagon like peptide‐1 analogues End‐stage renal disease Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs meglitinides All‐cause mortality Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs meglitinides Serious adverse events Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 112 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs meglitinides Health‐related quality of life Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs meglitinides Cardiovascular mortality Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs insulin Cardiovascular mortality Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs meglitinides Non‐fatal myocardial infarction Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs meglitinides Non‐fatal stroke Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs meglitinides End‐stage renal disease Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs insulin Non‐fatal myocardial infarction Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs insulin Non‐fatal stroke Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs insulin End‐stage renal disease Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: metformin vs sulphonylureas All‐cause mortality Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 3129 participants | Very low |