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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
611 questions in 50 reviews · Injuries
current versionsNo studies 125 · 20.5%Ungraded 22 · 3.6%Very low 185 · 30.3%Low 171 · 28%Moderate 77 · 12.6%High 31 · 5.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
MDAC + hospital intervention vs SDAC + hospital intervention Incidence and severity of symptoms of poisoning: incidence of need for intubation · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (carbamazepine, yellow oleander, or combinations of different drugs) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.75, 1.38] | 2 studies · 3097 participants | Low |
MDAC + hospital intervention vs SDAC + hospital intervention Duration of toxic symptoms: duration of intubation (h) · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (carbamazepine, yellow oleander, or combinations of different drugs) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2 participants | Very low |
MDAC + hospital intervention vs SDAC + hospital intervention Drug absorption: cardenolide: AUC (µg × L/h) · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (carbamazepine, yellow oleander, or combinations of different drugs) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 64 participants | Very low |
SDAC vs no intervention Incidence of adverse events · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (paracetamol or not specified) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 476 participants | Very low |
MDAC + hospital intervention vs SDAC + hospital intervention Incidence of hospitalization · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (carbamazepine, yellow oleander, or combinations of different drugs) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MDAC + hospital intervention vs SDAC + hospital intervention Incidence of ICU admission · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (carbamazepine, yellow oleander, or combinations of different drugs) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.31 [0.12, 0.83] | 1 study · 401 participants | Low |
SDAC vs syrup of ipecac Incidence of mortality · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (anti‐inflammatory drugs, analgesics or psychotropic drugs) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
SDAC vs syrup of ipecac Incidence of adverse events · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (anti‐inflammatory drugs, analgesics or psychotropic drugs) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.24 [0.26, 5.83] | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
SDAC vs syrup of ipecac Incidence and severity of symptoms of poisoning: level of coma · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (anti‐inflammatory drugs, analgesics or psychotropic drugs) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
SDAC vs syrup of ipecac Duration of toxic symptoms · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (anti‐inflammatory drugs, analgesics or psychotropic drugs) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
SDAC vs syrup of ipecac Drug absorption · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (anti‐inflammatory drugs, analgesics or psychotropic drugs) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
SDAC vs syrup of ipecac Incidence of hospitalization · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (anti‐inflammatory drugs, analgesics or psychotropic drugs) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
SDAC vs syrup of ipecac Incidence of ICU admission · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (anti‐inflammatory drugs, analgesics or psychotropic drugs) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention Incidence of mortality · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (benzodiazepines, yellow oleander or combinations of different drugs) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.72, 1.22] | 1 study · 3085 participants | Low |
SDAC vs no intervention Incidence and severity of symptoms of poisoning: incidence of clinical deterioration during stay in the hospital · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (paracetamol or not specified) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 451 participants | Very low |
MDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention Incidence of adverse events · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (benzodiazepines, yellow oleander or combinations of different drugs) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.52, 1.98] | 1 study · 3085 participants | Low |
MDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention Incidence and severity of symptoms of poisoning: incidence of need for intubation · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (benzodiazepines, yellow oleander or combinations of different drugs) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.71, 1.33] | 1 study · 3085 participants | Low |
MDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention Duration of toxic symptoms: length of intubation (h) · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (benzodiazepines, yellow oleander or combinations of different drugs) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Low |
MDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention Drug absorption: cardenolide: AUC (µg/L × h) · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (benzodiazepines, yellow oleander or combinations of different drugs) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 76 participants | Very low |
MDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention Incidence of hospitalization · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (benzodiazepines, yellow oleander or combinations of different drugs) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention Incidence of ICU admission · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (benzodiazepines, yellow oleander or combinations of different drugs) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Syrup of ipecac vs no intervention Incidence of mortality · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (toxic berries) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Syrup of ipecac vs no intervention Incidence of adverse events: diarrhoea · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (toxic berries) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | RR 4.08 [1.66, 10.04] | 1 study · 103 participants | Low |
Syrup of ipecac vs no intervention Incidence and severity of symptoms of poisoning · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (toxic berries) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Syrup of ipecac vs no intervention Duration of toxic symptoms · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (toxic berries) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
SDAC vs no intervention Duration of toxic symptoms · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (paracetamol or not specified) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Syrup of ipecac vs no intervention Drug absorption · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (toxic berries) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Syrup of ipecac vs no intervention Hospitalization: incidence of hospitalization · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (toxic berries) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 103 participants | Low |
Syrup of ipecac vs no intervention ICU admission · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (toxic berries) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
SDAC vs no intervention Drug absorption · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (paracetamol or not specified) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
SDAC vs no intervention Incidence of hospitalization · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (paracetamol or not specified) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
SDAC vs no intervention Incidence of ICU admission · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (paracetamol or not specified) First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 451 participants | Very low |
SDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention alone Incidence of mortality · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (not specified, tricyclic antidepressants, combinations of different… First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | Peto OR 1.04 [0.79, 1.37] | 2 studies · 3425 participants | Low |
SDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention alone Incidence of adverse events · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (not specified, tricyclic antidepressants, combinations of different… First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 4904 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Mortality at end of · patients with traumatic brain injury Hypothermia for traumatic brain injury (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 32 studies · 2944 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Unfavourable outcome at end of · patients with traumatic brain injury Hypothermia for traumatic brain injury (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 27 studies · 2620 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Pneumonia · patients with traumatic brain injury Hypothermia for traumatic brain injury (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 693 participants | Low |
DDAVP vs placebo or standard care Red cell volume transfused (total) · participants undergoing surgery Desmopressin use for minimising perioperative blood transfusion (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 23 studies · 1454 participants | Low |
DDAVP vs placebo or standard care: platelet dysfunction subgroup All‐cause mortality · participants with platelet dysfunction undergoing surgery Desmopressin use for minimising perioperative blood transfusion (2017) · Cochrane | 0.72 [0.12, 4.22] | 7 studies · 422 participants | Very low |
DDAVP vs placebo or standard care: platelet dysfunction subgroup All thrombotic events (including myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, other arterial thromboembolism, and venous thromboembolism) · participants with platelet dysfunction undergoing surgery Desmopressin use for minimising perioperative blood transfusion (2017) · Cochrane | 1.58 [0.6, 4.17] | 7 studies · 422 participants | Very low |
DDAVP vs placebo or standard care: platelet dysfunction subgroup Quality of life · participants with platelet dysfunction undergoing surgery Desmopressin use for minimising perioperative blood transfusion (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
DDAVP vs tranexamic acid Red cell volume transfused (total) · participants undergoing surgery Desmopressin use for minimising perioperative blood transfusion (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
DDAVP vs tranexamic acid Number of participants receiving a red cell transfusion (total) · participants undergoing surgery Desmopressin use for minimising perioperative blood transfusion (2017) · Cochrane | RR 2.42 [1.04, 5.64] | 3 studies · 135 participants | Very low |
DDAVP vs tranexamic acid Blood loss (total) · participants undergoing surgery Desmopressin use for minimising perioperative blood transfusion (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 115 participants | Low |
DDAVP vs tranexamic acid All‐cause mortality · participants undergoing surgery Desmopressin use for minimising perioperative blood transfusion (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
DDAVP vs tranexamic acid All thrombotic events (including myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, other arterial thromboembolism, and venous thromboembolism) · participants undergoing surgery Desmopressin use for minimising perioperative blood transfusion (2017) · Cochrane | RR 2.92 [0.32, 26.83] | 2 studies · 115 participants | Very low |
DDAVP vs tranexamic acid Quality of life · participants undergoing surgery Desmopressin use for minimising perioperative blood transfusion (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
DDAVP vs aprotinin Red cell volume transfused (total) · participants undergoing surgery Desmopressin use for minimising perioperative blood transfusion (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
DDAVP vs placebo or standard care Number of participants receiving a red cell transfusion (total) · participants undergoing surgery Desmopressin use for minimising perioperative blood transfusion (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.86, 1.06] | 25 studies · 1806 participants | Moderate |
DDAVP vs aprotinin Number of participants receiving a red cell transfusion (total) · participants undergoing surgery Desmopressin use for minimising perioperative blood transfusion (2017) · Cochrane | RR 2.41 [1.45, 4.02] | 1 study · 99 participants | Low |