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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
581 questions in 23 reviews · Implants and prosthodontics
current versionsNo studies 87 · 15%Ungraded 388 · 66.8%Very low 88 · 15.1%Low 10 · 1.7%Moderate 8 · 1.4%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Zygomatic implants without bone grafts (as a complete alternative to any bone augmentation procedure) vs Conventional dental implants in augmented maxillae Patient satisfaction (and, when possible, preference) · Participants with an atrophic maxilla who cannot be rehabilitated with conventional dental implants due to lack of… · At least 1 year in function Interventions for replacing missing teeth: dental implants in zygomatic bone for the rehabilitation of the… (2013) · Cochrane | Results (Effects of interventions): we could not identify any eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). | 0 studies | No studies |
Zygomatic implants with bone grafts (as a partial alternative to bone augmentation; some augmentation still required in the frontal maxilla) vs Conventional dental implants in augmented maxillae Outcome NR · Patients with a severely atrophic maxilla for whom some bone augmentation is still required in the frontal portion of… · At least 1 year in function Interventions for replacing missing teeth: dental implants in zygomatic bone for the rehabilitation of the… (2013) · Cochrane | Results (Effects of interventions): we could not identify any eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). | 0 studies | No studies |
Zygomatic implants without bone grafts (as a complete alternative to any bone augmentation procedure) vs Conventional dental implants in augmented maxillae Complications · Participants with an atrophic maxilla who cannot be rehabilitated with conventional dental implants due to lack of… · At least 1 year in function Interventions for replacing missing teeth: dental implants in zygomatic bone for the rehabilitation of the… (2013) · Cochrane | Results (Effects of interventions): we could not identify any eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). | 0 studies | No studies |
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy vs No HBO therapy Preimplantation complications · Patients who have had radiotherapy and who have missing teeth that require replacement with osseointegrated dental… Interventions for replacing missing teeth: hyperbaric oxygen therapy for irradiated patients who require… (2013) · Cochrane | Analysis 1.1 (Dichotomous outcomes: Preimplantation complications): Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI), totals not selected; not estimable (no events in either arm). | 1 study · 24 participants | Ungraded |
Zygomatic implants without bone grafts (as a complete alternative to any bone augmentation procedure) vs Conventional dental implants in augmented maxillae Prosthesis failure (prosthesis could not be placed or loss of prosthesis secondary to implant failure) · Participants with an atrophic maxilla who cannot be rehabilitated with conventional dental implants due to lack of… · At least 1 year in function Interventions for replacing missing teeth: dental implants in zygomatic bone for the rehabilitation of the… (2013) · Cochrane | Summary of findings 'Zygomatic implants versus conventional implants'; Prosthesis failure: Assumed risk (conventional) Low risk population 10 per 1000, High risk population 100 per 1000; Corresponding risk (zygomatic)… | 0 studies | No studies |
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy vs No HBO therapy Prosthetic failure · Patients who have had radiotherapy and who have missing teeth that require replacement with osseointegrated dental… · 1 year after delivery of the prosthesis Interventions for replacing missing teeth: hyperbaric oxygen therapy for irradiated patients who require… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 3.00 [0.13, 67.06] | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Immediate loading vs Early loading Prosthesis failure · Patients who are having osseointegrated root-form dental implants · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different times for loading dental implants (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.25, 1.87] | 4 studies · 408 participants | Very low |
Immediate loading vs Early loading Marginal bone level changes · Patients who are having osseointegrated root-form dental implants · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different times for loading dental implants (2013) · Cochrane | MD -0.06 [-0.16, 0.03] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Occlusal loading vs Non-occlusal loading Marginal bone level changes · Patients who are having osseointegrated root-form dental implants · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different times for loading dental implants (2013) · Cochrane | MD 0.03 [-0.10, 0.15] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy vs No HBO therapy Radiographic marginal bone level changes · Patients who have had radiotherapy and who have missing teeth that require replacement with osseointegrated dental… Interventions for replacing missing teeth: hyperbaric oxygen therapy for irradiated patients who require… (2013) · Cochrane | Radiographic bone level changes (but not used since extrapolated from oblique lateral radiographs). | 1 study | Ungraded |
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy vs No HBO therapy Patient satisfaction (overall denture satisfaction) · Patients who have had radiotherapy and who have missing teeth that require replacement with osseointegrated dental… · 1 year after delivery of the prosthesis Interventions for replacing missing teeth: hyperbaric oxygen therapy for irradiated patients who require… (2013) · Cochrane | Analysis 1.2 (Overall denture satisfaction): Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI), totals not selected (value not displayed). | 1 study · 17 participants | Ungraded |
Occlusal loading vs Non-occlusal loading Implant failure · Patients who are having osseointegrated root-form dental implants · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different times for loading dental implants (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.00 [0.31, 3.22] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Prophylactic antibiotic at one dose or duration vs Same antibiotic at a different dose or duration Outcome NR · Adults undergoing dental implant placement · 3 months Interventions for replacing missing teeth: antibiotics at dental implant placement to prevent complications (2013) · Cochrane | No conclusive information can be derived from the only trial that compared three different durations of antibiotic prophylaxis, since no event (implant or prosthesis failures, infections or adverse events) occurred in… | 1 study · 100 participants | Ungraded |
Progressive loading vs Direct loading Outcome NR · Patients who are having osseointegrated root-form dental implants · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different times for loading dental implants (2013) · Cochrane | Progressive loading (direct vs progressive): no trial could be included; we did not identify any trials which evaluated progressive loading of implants. | 0 studies | No studies |
Immediate loading vs Conventional loading Marginal bone level changes · Patients who are having osseointegrated root-form dental implants · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different times for loading dental implants (2013) · Cochrane | MD -0.10 [-0.20, -0.01] | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Early loading vs Conventional loading Implant failure · Patients who are having osseointegrated root-form dental implants · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different times for loading dental implants (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.55 [0.46, 5.18] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Early loading vs Conventional loading Marginal bone level changes · Patients who are having osseointegrated root-form dental implants · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different times for loading dental implants (2013) · Cochrane | MD -0.04 [-0.15, 0.07] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
One prophylactic antibiotic vs A different prophylactic antibiotic Outcome NR · Adults undergoing dental implant placement · At least 3 months (planned) Interventions for replacing missing teeth: antibiotics at dental implant placement to prevent complications (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal loading vs Non-occlusal loading Prosthesis failure · Patients who are having osseointegrated root-form dental implants · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different times for loading dental implants (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.00 [0.31, 3.22] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Immediate loading vs Conventional loading Prosthesis failure · Patients who are having osseointegrated root-form dental implants · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different times for loading dental implants (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.90 [0.67, 5.34] | 8 studies · 381 participants | Very low |
Zygomatic implants without bone grafts (as a complete alternative to any bone augmentation procedure) vs Conventional dental implants in augmented maxillae Cost-effectiveness · Participants with an atrophic maxilla who cannot be rehabilitated with conventional dental implants due to lack of… · At least 1 year in function Interventions for replacing missing teeth: dental implants in zygomatic bone for the rehabilitation of the… (2013) · Cochrane | Results (Effects of interventions): we could not identify any eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). | 0 studies | No studies |
Prophylactic systemic antibiotics (amoxicillin) vs No antibiotics or placebo Prosthesis failure · Adults undergoing dental implant placement · 3 to 5 months Interventions for replacing missing teeth: antibiotics at dental implant placement to prevent complications (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.44 [0.19, 1.00] | 5 studies · 1107 participants | Ungraded |
Immediate loading vs Conventional loading Implant failure · Patients who are having osseointegrated root-form dental implants · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different times for loading dental implants (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.50 [0.60, 3.77] | 10 studies | Ungraded |
Prophylactic systemic antibiotics (amoxicillin) vs No antibiotics or placebo Postoperative infection · Adults undergoing dental implant placement · 3 to 5 months Interventions for replacing missing teeth: antibiotics at dental implant placement to prevent complications (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.36, 1.35] | 6 studies · 1162 participants | Ungraded |
Zygomatic implants without bone grafts (as a complete alternative to any bone augmentation procedure) vs Conventional dental implants in augmented maxillae Implant failure (mobile implants, removal of stable implants due to progressive marginal bone loss or infection, implant fractures) · Participants with an atrophic maxilla who cannot be rehabilitated with conventional dental implants due to lack of… · At least 1 year in function Interventions for replacing missing teeth: dental implants in zygomatic bone for the rehabilitation of the… (2013) · Cochrane | Results (Effects of interventions): we could not identify any eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). | 0 studies | No studies |
Immediate loading vs Early loading Implant failure · Patients who are having osseointegrated root-form dental implants · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different times for loading dental implants (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.26, 1.64] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Zygomatic implants for retaining a maxillary obturator vs Non-implant retained obturators, local and regional flaps, or microvascular free flaps Outcome NR · Patients requiring maxillary reconstruction after partial or total maxillectomy (cancer patients) · At least 1 year in function Interventions for replacing missing teeth: dental implants in zygomatic bone for the rehabilitation of the… (2013) · Cochrane | Results (Effects of interventions): we could not identify any eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). | 0 studies | No studies |
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy vs No HBO therapy Cost effectiveness · Patients who have had radiotherapy and who have missing teeth that require replacement with osseointegrated dental… Interventions for replacing missing teeth: hyperbaric oxygen therapy for irradiated patients who require… (2013) · Cochrane | Cost effectiveness data were not presented but it was possible to extrapolate this. | 0 studies | No studies |
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy vs No HBO therapy Implant failure · Patients who have had radiotherapy and who have missing teeth that require replacement with osseointegrated dental… · 1 year after delivery of the prosthesis Interventions for replacing missing teeth: hyperbaric oxygen therapy for irradiated patients who require… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 2.5 [0.60, 10.46] | 1 study · 24 participants | Ungraded |
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy vs No HBO therapy Postimplantation complications · Patients who have had radiotherapy and who have missing teeth that require replacement with osseointegrated dental… · 1 year after delivery of the prosthesis Interventions for replacing missing teeth: hyperbaric oxygen therapy for irradiated patients who require… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 5.0 [0.27, 94.34] | 1 study · 24 participants | Ungraded |
Early loading vs Conventional loading Prosthesis failure · Patients who are having osseointegrated root-form dental implants · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different times for loading dental implants (2013) · Cochrane | RR 5.00 [0.63, 39.67] | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Prophylactic systemic antibiotics (amoxicillin) vs No antibiotics or placebo Implant failure · Adults undergoing dental implant placement · 4 months Interventions for replacing missing teeth: antibiotics at dental implant placement to prevent complications (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.16, 0.67] | 6 studies · 1162 participants | Moderate |
Prophylactic systemic antibiotics (amoxicillin) vs No antibiotics or placebo Adverse events · Adults undergoing dental implant placement · 3 to 5 months Interventions for replacing missing teeth: antibiotics at dental implant placement to prevent complications (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.0 [0.06, 15.85] | 6 studies · 1162 participants | Ungraded |
Implant surface smoothening added to systemic antibiotics + resective surgery + local antibiotics vs No implant surface smoothening (same surgical protocol) Implant failure · People with at least one dental implant affected by peri-implantitis · 2 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: treatment of peri‐implantitis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.3 [0.01, 6.47] | 1 study · 17 participants | Ungraded |
Air-abrasive / Vector system debridement vs Manual debridement (carbon fibre curettes) Change in probing pocket depth · People with at least one dental implant affected by peri-implantitis · 6 months Interventions for replacing missing teeth: treatment of peri‐implantitis (2012) · Cochrane | No statistically significant difference for PPD; data not usable. | 1 study · 11 participants | Ungraded |
Non-surgical interventions vs Surgical interventions Outcome NR · People with at least one dental implant affected by peri-implantitis Interventions for replacing missing teeth: treatment of peri‐implantitis (2012) · Cochrane | Non-surgical versus surgical interventions: no trials. | 0 studies | No studies |
Low-gold (Midas) or silver-palladium (Albacast) alloy FDP vs High-gold content control alloy (JS C) FDP Visual marginal discrepancy (3 years) · Patients receiving single crowns and FDPs; split-mouth · 3 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: partially absent dentition (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.06, 12.73] | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Cemented implant crown vs Screw-retained implant crown Mechanical complications / prosthesis failure (4 years) · Patients with single-tooth implants receiving implant crowns; split-mouth · 4 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: partially absent dentition (2012) · Cochrane | No reports of any mechanical complications or failures with either type of prosthesis (narrative) | 1 study · 12 participants | Ungraded |
Fixed dental prosthesis (cantilever FDP) vs Removable dental prosthesis (RDP) Incidence-free survival (caries, endodontic treatment, tooth loss) · Patients with a shortened dental arch (missing posterior teeth) · 3 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: partially absent dentition (2012) · Cochrane | HR 0.73 [0.06, 8.41] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Erbium:YAG laser (implant exposure) vs Flap elevation at implant exposure Postoperative pain · Patients undergoing implant exposure (second-stage surgery) Interventions for replacing missing teeth: management of soft tissues for dental implants (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.25 [0.07, 0.90] | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Er:YAG laser debridement vs Manual debridement plus chlorhexidine irrigation/gel Implant failure · People with at least one dental implant affected by peri-implantitis · 6 months Interventions for replacing missing teeth: treatment of peri‐implantitis (2012) · Cochrane | No implant failures occurred in any of the groups (both trials). | 2 studies · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Er:YAG laser surface debridement before bone augmentation vs Plastic curettes plus saline solution before bone augmentation Change in probing attachment level (PAL gain) · People with at least one dental implant affected by peri-implantitis · 6 months Interventions for replacing missing teeth: treatment of peri‐implantitis (2012) · Cochrane | Six months after treatment there were no statistically significant differences for PAL gain. | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Subepithelial connective tissue graft (palate) at implant placement vs No augmentation Peri-implant marginal bone level change · Partially edentulous patients receiving posterior mandibular implants Interventions for replacing missing teeth: management of soft tissues for dental implants (2012) · Cochrane | MD 0.17 [-0.10, 0.44] | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Ceramic implant abutment vs Titanium implant abutment Success rate · Patients receiving implant-supported single crowns / short-span FDPs Interventions for replacing missing teeth: partially absent dentition (2012) · Cochrane | Andersson 2003: 94% (16/17) ceramic vs 100% (12/12) titanium; Andersson 2001: 93% (28/30) ceramic vs 100% (35/35) titanium; no statistical analysis provided; no measurable / non-significant differences in alveolar bone… | 2 studies · 107 participants | Ungraded |
Alternative alloy FDP (e.g., Ceramalloy II / base-metal / palladium-silver) vs High-gold content control alloy FDP (Olympia) Restoration survival (Ceramalloy II versus Olympia) · Patients receiving crowns and FDPs; split-mouth, 10-year · 10 years Interventions for replacing missing teeth: partially absent dentition (2012) · Cochrane | OR 3.5 [1.4, 8.7] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Er:YAG laser debridement vs Manual debridement plus chlorhexidine irrigation/gel Change in gingival recession (REC) · People with at least one dental implant affected by peri-implantitis · 6 months Interventions for replacing missing teeth: treatment of peri‐implantitis (2012) · Cochrane | No statistically significant differences for change in recession. | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Denzir all-ceramic FDP vs In-Ceram Zirconia all-ceramic FDP Reconstruction failure / chip fractures (12 months) · Patients with all-ceramic implant FDP reconstructions; parallel group, 12-month · 12 months Interventions for replacing missing teeth: partially absent dentition (2012) · Cochrane | None of the 25 reconstructions had failed; significantly more chip fractures in the Denzir group, but as none required repair this outcome was deemed not clinically significant (narrative) | 1 study · 18 participants | Ungraded |
Subepithelial connective tissue graft (palate) at implant placement vs No augmentation Patient preference (aesthetics evaluated by patients) · Partially edentulous patients receiving posterior mandibular implants Interventions for replacing missing teeth: management of soft tissues for dental implants (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0 [0, 0.85] | 1 study · 10 participants | Ungraded |
Tilting-type RDP (minor connector design) vs Functional and sanitary RDP designs Alveolar bone height · Partially edentulous patients with a distal-extension RDP (minor connector); cross-over Interventions for replacing missing teeth: partially absent dentition (2012) · Cochrane | Difference in alveolar bone height was not statistically significant (P = 0.07); data narrative only | 1 study · 25 participants | Ungraded |
Flapless implant placement vs Conventional flap elevation Biological complications · Patients receiving dental implants Interventions for replacing missing teeth: management of soft tissues for dental implants (2012) · Cochrane | RR 5.58 [0.65, 48.23] | 1 study · 80 participants | Ungraded |