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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
729 questions in 45 reviews · Consumers and Communication
current versionsNo studies 188 · 25.8%Ungraded 93 · 12.8%Very low 155 · 21.3%Low 189 · 25.9%Moderate 90 · 12.3%High 14 · 1.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs non‐digital targeted client communication (pregnant and postpartum women) Health behaviour change: breastfeeding (exclusive breastfeeding at 9 weeks) · pregnant and postpartum women Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving maternal, neonatal, and child health (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.79, 1.07] | 1 study · 42 participants | Low |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs standard care or no intervention Health status ‐ STI rate · Adolescents and youth age 14 to 24 years Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs non‐digital, targeted communication Health status ‐ Abortion rate · Adolescents and youth age 14 to 24 years Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs non‐digital, targeted communication Health behaviour change ‐ contraceptive use · Adolescents and youth age 14 to 24 years Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs non‐digital, targeted communication Health service utilization · Adolescents and youth age 14 to 24 years Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs non‐digital, targeted communication Unintended consequences · Adolescents and youth age 14 to 24 years Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs non‐digital, targeted communication SRH knowledge · Adolescents and youth age 14 to 24 years Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs digital, non‐targeted communication Health status and well‐being ‐ STI incidence (chlamydia) · Adolescents and youth age 14‐24 years Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.28, 1.33] | 1 study · 200 participants | Low |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs digital, non‐targeted communication Health behaviour change ‐ Condom use · Adolescents and youth age 14‐24 years Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.12 [0.7, 1.78] | 3 studies · 507 participants | Very low |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs digital, non‐targeted communication Health status ‐ Abortion rate · Adolescents and youth age 14‐24 years Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs digital, non‐targeted communication Health behaviour change ‐ Contraceptive use at last sex · Adolescents and youth age 14‐24 years Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.4 | 1 study · 59 participants | Very low |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs digital, non‐targeted communication Health service utilization ‐ Clinic attendance for STI/HIV testing (self‐report) · Adolescents and youth age 14‐24 years Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.61 [1.08, 2.4] | 2 studies · 498 participants | Low |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs standard care or no intervention Health behaviour change ‐ Condom use · Adolescents and youth age 14 to 24 years Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.54, 1.18] | 1 study · 385 participants | Very low |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs digital, non‐targeted communication Unintended consequences · Adolescents and youth age 14‐24 years Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 200 participants | Low |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs digital, non‐targeted communication SRH knowledge · Adolescents and youth age 14‐24 years Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.75 | 2 studies · 417 participants | Very low |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs standard care or no intervention Health status ‐ STI rate · Adults (age over 24 years) Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs standard care or no intervention Health behaviour change ‐ Condom use 50% of the time · Adults (age over 24 years) Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.94 [1, 3.78] | 1 study · 73 participants | Very low |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs standard care or no intervention Health status and well‐being ‐ Repeat abortion following an earlier abortion · Adults (age over 24 years) Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.28, 1.66] | 1 study · 328 participants | Low |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs standard care or no intervention Health behaviour change ‐ Use of effective contraception method · Adults (age over 24 years) Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [0.92, 1.48] | 1 study · 327 participants | Low |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs standard care or no intervention Health service utilization · Adults (age over 24 years) Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [1.04, 1.31] | 10 studies · 4014 participants | Low |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs standard care or no intervention Unintended consequences · Adults (age over 24 years) Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 2915 participants | Low |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs non‐digital, targeted communication Health status ‐ STI rate · Adults (age over 24 years) Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs non‐digital, targeted communication Health behaviour change ‐ Condom use · Adults (age over 24 years) Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs standard care or no intervention Health status ‐ Abortion rate · Adolescents and youth age 14 to 24 years Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs non‐digital, targeted communication Health status ‐ Abortion rate · Adults (age over 24 years) Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs non‐digital, targeted communication Health behaviour change ‐ Contraceptive use · Adults (age over 24 years) Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs non‐digital, targeted communication Health service utilization ‐ attendance for: breast cancer screening, cervical screening, voluntary medical male circumcision, HPV or HBV vaccination · Adults (age over 24 years) Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.92, 1.35] | 3 studies · 1130 participants | Low |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs non‐digital, targeted communication Unintended consequences · Adults (age over 24 years) Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs digital, non‐targeted communication Health status ‐ STI rate · Adults (age over 24 years) Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs digital, non‐targeted communication Health behaviour change ‐ Condom use · Adults (age over 24 years) Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs digital, non‐targeted communication Health status ‐ Abortion rate · Adults (age over 24 years) Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs digital, non‐targeted communication Health behaviour change ‐ Contraceptive use · Adults (age over 24 years) Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs digital, non‐targeted communication Health service utilization · Adults (age over 24 years) Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.71 [0.67, 4.38] | 2 studies · 2150 participants | Low |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs digital, non‐targeted communication Unintended consequences · Adults (age over 24 years) Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs standard care or no intervention Health behaviour change ‐ Oral contraception use · Adolescents and youth age 14 to 24 years Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.19 [1.05, 1.35] | 1 study · 683 participants | Low |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs standard care or no intervention Health service utilization ‐ Clinic attendance for STI/HIV testing · Adolescents and youth age 14 to 24 years Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.5 [0.85, 2.65] | 1 study · 385 participants | Very low |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs standard care or no intervention Unintended consequences · Adolescents and youth age 14 to 24 years Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 632 participants | Very low |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs standard care or no intervention SRH knowledge · Adolescents and youth age 14 to 24 years Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.45 [1.23, 1.71] | 1 study · 385 participants | Low |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs non‐digital, targeted communication Health status ‐ STI rate · Adolescents and youth age 14 to 24 years Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Digital targeted client communication via mobile devices vs non‐digital, targeted communication Health behaviour change ‐condom use · Adolescents and youth age 14 to 24 years Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving sexual and reproductive health (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Outcomes* · informal caregivers of people affected by cancer Psychosocial interventions for informal caregivers of people living with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Any adverse events · informal caregivers of people affected by cancer Psychosocial interventions for informal caregivers of people living with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Outcomes* · individuals with cancer (patients) Psychosocial interventions for informal caregivers of people living with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Global quality of life FLIC total score (Blanchard 1996), FACT‐G total score (Northouse 2007). Additional studies (reported in comments section): FACT‐B physical functioning subscale (Baucom 2009). EPIC multiple subscales and overall scores (Campb... · individuals with cancer (patients) Psychosocial interventions for informal caregivers of people living with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 292 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Global quality of life FLIC total score (Blanchard 1996), EORTC‐QLQ‐C30 global health status score (Ledderer 2013), FACT‐G total score (Northouse 2007). Additional study (reported in comments section): FACT‐B physical functioning subscale (Baucom ... · individuals with cancer (patients) Psychosocial interventions for informal caregivers of people living with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 294 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Any adverse events · individuals with cancer (patients) Psychosocial interventions for informal caregivers of people living with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Global quality of life score Mulitple measures used. Caregiver Strain Index (Campbell 2007)** FACT‐G total score (Northouse 2007). Additional studies (reported in comments section): SF20 subscales (Blanchard 1996) SF36 social functioning subscale ... · informal caregivers of people affected by cancer Psychosocial interventions for informal caregivers of people living with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 265 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Global quality of life score Multiple measures used. WHO‐Five‐Wellbeing Index (Ledderer 2013) FACT‐G total score (Northouse 2007). Additional study (reported in comments section): SF20 subscales (Blanchard 1996). Higher scores indicate better QoL · informal caregivers of people affected by cancer Psychosocial interventions for informal caregivers of people living with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 239 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Any depression Multiple measures used. CES‐D (Blanchard 1996; Kozachik 2001; Kuijer 2004; Kurtz 2005; McCorkle 2007). POMS Depression subscale (Bultz 2000; Campbell 2007). HADS‐D (Nicolaisen 2018; Robertson 2016). Additional study (reported in com... · informal caregivers of people affected by cancer Psychosocial interventions for informal caregivers of people living with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 702 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Any depression Multiple measures used. CES‐D (Blanchard 1996;McCorkle 2007). POMS Depression subscale (Bultz 2000). HADS‐D (Nicolaisen 2018; Robertson 2016). Higher scores indicate higher levels of depression. Folllow‐up: Three to six months post‐... · informal caregivers of people affected by cancer Psychosocial interventions for informal caregivers of people living with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 379 participants | Low |