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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
759 questions in 57 reviews · Colorectal
current versionsNo studies 91 · 12%Ungraded 12 · 1.6%Very low 209 · 27.5%Low 229 · 30.2%Moderate 160 · 21.1%High 58 · 7.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR All VTE (subgroup analysis open only) · patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.42 [0.29, 0.6] | 6 studies · 1503 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR All DVT (subgroup analysis open only) · patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.43 [0.3, 0.62] | 6 studies · 1503 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR All VTE (sensitivity analysis unpublished) · patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.38 [0.27, 0.56] | 6 studies · 1620 participants | Moderate |
Lateral pararectal vs transrectal enterostomy placement parastomal hernia (NRS) clinical examination, CT scan, or botha · people undergoing enterostomy placement for any reason Lateral pararectal versus transrectal stoma placement for prevention of parastomal herniation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.22 [0.84, 1.75] | 10 studies · 864 participants | Very low |
Lateral pararectal vs transrectal enterostomy placement parastomal hernia (RCT) clinical exam, sonography, intraoperatively, or combination, during stoma reversal · people undergoing enterostomy placement for any reason Lateral pararectal versus transrectal stoma placement for prevention of parastomal herniation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.34 [0.4, 4.48] | 1 study · 56 participants | Low |
Lateral pararectal vs transrectal enterostomy placement stomal prolapse clinical exam, documented on a standard pro forma · people undergoing enterostomy placement for any reason Lateral pararectal versus transrectal stoma placement for prevention of parastomal herniation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [0.39, 3.85] | 1 study · 145 participants | Very low |
Lateral pararectal vs transrectal enterostomy placement ileus or stenosis clinical exam, sonography · people undergoing enterostomy placement for any reason Lateral pararectal versus transrectal stoma placement for prevention of parastomal herniation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2 [0.19, 20.9] | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Lateral pararectal vs transrectal enterostomy placement skin irritation clinical exam, intraoperative exam, or both, during stoma reversal · people undergoing enterostomy placement for any reason Lateral pararectal versus transrectal stoma placement for prevention of parastomal herniation (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.21, 2.13] | 1 study · 60 participants | Moderate |
Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Pain intensity on day 1 · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 20 studies · 2421 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Length of hospital stay (days) · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 316 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Time until return to normal activities (days) · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 383 participants | Moderate |
Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Quality of life · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Subgroup analysis (publication date) ‐ Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Pain intensity on day 1 · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 613 participants | Low |
Subgroup analysis (publication date) ‐ Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Wound infections · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.37 [0.27, 0.51] | 19 studies · 2217 participants | Moderate |
Subgroup analysis (publication date) ‐ Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Intra‐abdominal abscesses · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.82 [0.44, 1.51] | 11 studies · 1466 participants | Low |
Subgroup analysis (publication date) ‐ Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Length of hospital stay · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 17 studies · 1977 participants | Low |
Subgroup analysis (publication date) ‐ Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Time until return to normal activity · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 380 participants | Very low |
Subgroup analysis (publication date) ‐ Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Quality of life Scale used: Gastro‐intestinal Quality of Life Index · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2009 participants | Low |
Subgroup analysis (publication date) ‐ Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Pain intensity on day 1 · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Wound infections · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.42 [0.35, 0.51] | 63 studies · 7612 participants | Moderate |
Subgroup analysis (publication date) ‐ Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Wound infections · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.27 [0.14, 0.52] | 5 studies · 783 participants | Moderate |
Subgroup analysis (publication date) ‐ Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Intra‐abdominal abscesses · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.45 [0.19, 1.07] | 4 studies · 723 participants | Low |
Subgroup analysis (publication date) ‐ Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Length of hospital stay · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 140 participants | Very low |
Subgroup analysis (publication date) ‐ Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Time until return to normal activity · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 383 participants | Moderate |
Subgroup analysis (publication date) ‐ Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Quality of life · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Intra‐abdominal abscesses · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | Peto OR 1.65 [1.12, 2.43] | 53 studies · 6677 participants | Moderate |
Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Length of hospital stay (days) · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 46 studies · 5127 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Time until return to normal activities (days) · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 17 studies · 1653 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Quality of life Scale used: 1) Gastro‐intestinal Quality of Life Index 2) SF‐36 questionnaire · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | 2 | 2009 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Pain intensity on day · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Wound infections (rate) · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.25 [0.15, 0.42] | 10 studies · 1245 participants | Moderate |
Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy Intra‐abdominal abscesses (rate) · patients with suspected appendicitis Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis (2018) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.54 [0.24, 1.22] | 9 studies · 1185 participants | Low |
Preoperative radiotherapy vs surgery alone Overall mortality ( · People with localised rectal carcinoma Preoperative radiotherapy and curative surgery for the management of localised rectal carcinoma (2018) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.9 [0.83, 0.98] | 4 studies · 4663 participants | Moderate |
Preoperative radiotherapy vs surgery alone Overall mortality ‐ only total mesorectal excision ( · People with localised rectal carcinoma Preoperative radiotherapy and curative surgery for the management of localised rectal carcinoma (2018) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.97 [0.87, 1.08] | 2 studies · 3211 participants | Low |
Preoperative radiotherapy vs surgery alone Cause‐specific mortality ( · People with localised rectal carcinoma Preoperative radiotherapy and curative surgery for the management of localised rectal carcinoma (2018) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.89 [0.77, 1.03] | 2 studies · 2145 participants | Low |
Preoperative radiotherapy vs surgery alone Local recurrence ( · People with localised rectal carcinoma Preoperative radiotherapy and curative surgery for the management of localised rectal carcinoma (2018) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.48 [0.4, 0.57] | 4 studies · 4663 participants | Moderate |
Preoperative radiotherapy vs surgery alone Curative resection ( · People with localised rectal carcinoma Preoperative radiotherapy and curative surgery for the management of localised rectal carcinoma (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.97, 1.02] | 4 studies · 4673 participants | Low |
Preoperative radiotherapy vs surgery alone Sphincter preservation ( · People with localised rectal carcinoma Preoperative radiotherapy and curative surgery for the management of localised rectal carcinoma (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.94, 1.04] | 3 studies · 4379 participants | Low |
Preoperative radiotherapy vs surgery alone Postoperative morbidity ‐ sepsis (within 30 days after surgery) · People with localised rectal carcinoma Preoperative radiotherapy and curative surgery for the management of localised rectal carcinoma (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [1.04, 1.52] | 2 studies · 2698 participants | Low |
Preoperative radiotherapy vs surgery alone Postoperative morbidity ‐ surgical complications (within 30 days after surgery) · People with localised rectal carcinoma Preoperative radiotherapy and curative surgery for the management of localised rectal carcinoma (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [1.01, 1.42] | 2 studies · 2698 participants | Low |
Preoperative radiotherapy vs surgery alone Quality of life ( · People with localised rectal carcinoma Preoperative radiotherapy and curative surgery for the management of localised rectal carcinoma (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 3211 participants | Low |
Virtual reality endoscopy simulation training vs no training Composite score of competency · health professions trainees in gastrointestinal endoscopy Virtual reality simulation training for health professions trainees in gastrointestinal endoscopy (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Virtual reality endoscopy simulation training vs conventional patient‐based training Performance time (minutes) · health professions trainees in gastrointestinal endoscopy Virtual reality simulation training for health professions trainees in gastrointestinal endoscopy (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Virtual reality endoscopy simulation training vs conventional patient‐based training Complication or critical flaw occurrence · health professions trainees in gastrointestinal endoscopy Virtual reality simulation training for health professions trainees in gastrointestinal endoscopy (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Virtual reality endoscopy simulation training vs conventional patient‐based training Patient discomfort · health professions trainees in gastrointestinal endoscopy Virtual reality simulation training for health professions trainees in gastrointestinal endoscopy (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Virtual reality endoscopy simulation training vs conventional patient‐based training Overall global rating of performance or competency · health professions trainees in gastrointestinal endoscopy Virtual reality simulation training for health professions trainees in gastrointestinal endoscopy (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Virtual reality endoscopy simulation training vs conventional patient‐based training Visualisation of mucosa · health professions trainees in gastrointestinal endoscopy Virtual reality simulation training for health professions trainees in gastrointestinal endoscopy (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Virtual reality endoscopy simulation training vs no training Independent procedure completion · health professions trainees in gastrointestinal endoscopy Virtual reality simulation training for health professions trainees in gastrointestinal endoscopy (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.62 [1.15, 2.26] | NR | Moderate |
Virtual reality endoscopy simulation training vs no training Performance time (minutes) · health professions trainees in gastrointestinal endoscopy Virtual reality simulation training for health professions trainees in gastrointestinal endoscopy (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Virtual reality endoscopy simulation training vs no training Complication or critical flaw occurrence · health professions trainees in gastrointestinal endoscopy Virtual reality simulation training for health professions trainees in gastrointestinal endoscopy (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |