Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

212 questions · 213 findings · 13 reviews · Incontinence

No studies found 87 · 40.8%GRADE not reported 31 · 14.6%Very low 34 · 16%Low 34 · 16%Moderate 25 · 11.7%High 2 · 0.9%

PFMT added to continence pessary vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Patients perceived improvement in symptoms of prolapse assessed using validated symptom questionnaire at 1 year ‐ not reported · pelvic organ prolapse in women

Pessary plus PFMT probably leads to higher perceived improvement of prolapse symptoms compared with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to continence pessary vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding or Spotting · pelvic organ prolapse in women

Pessary plus PFMT showed no clear difference in number of women with adverse events ‐ abnormal vaginal bleeding compared with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to continence pessary vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Number of women with adverse events ‐ de novo voiding difficulty · pelvic organ prolapse in women

Pessary plus PFMT showed no clear difference in number of women with adverse events ‐ de novo voiding difficulty compared with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic biofeedback and standard urotherapy

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and standard… changes resolution of daytime urinary incontinence compared with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic biofeedback and standard urotherapy

Objective measurement of volume of incontinent episodes · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review