Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

186 questions · 191 findings · 36 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 19 · 9.9%GRADE not reported 13 · 6.8%Very low 68 · 35.6%Low 55 · 28.8%Moderate 26 · 13.6%High 10 · 5.2%

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Vomiting · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

Epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in vomiting up to 48 hours after surgery compared with systemic analgesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Return of gastrointestinal function · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

It is very uncertain whether epidural analgesia changes return of gastrointestinal function compared with systemic analgesia (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Complications · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

It is very uncertain whether epidural analgesia changes complications compared with systemic analgesia (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula vs human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants

All allergic disease ‐ childhood (incidence) · infants not selected for allergic disease risk.

It is very uncertain whether early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula changes all allergic disease ‐ childhood (incidence) compared with human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula vs cow's milk formula

Food allergy ‐ childhood (incidence) · infants not selected for allergic disease risk.

It is very uncertain whether early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula changes food allergy ‐ childhood (incidence) compared with cow's milk formula ‐ low‐risk infants (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula vs cow's milk formula

Cow's milk allergy ‐ childhood (incidence) · infants not selected for allergic disease risk.

It is very uncertain whether early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula changes cow's milk allergy ‐ childhood (incidence) compared with cow's milk formula ‐ low‐risk infants (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula vs human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants

Asthma ‐ childhood (incidence) · infants not selected for allergic disease risk.

It is very uncertain whether early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula changes asthma ‐ childhood (incidence) compared with human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula vs human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants

Eczema ‐ childhood (incidence) · infants not selected for allergic disease risk.

It is very uncertain whether early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula changes eczema ‐ childhood (incidence) compared with human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula vs human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants

Food allergy ‐ childhood (incidence) · infants not selected for allergic disease risk.

It is very uncertain whether early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula changes food allergy ‐ childhood (incidence) compared with human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula vs human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants

Cow's milk allergy ‐ childhood (incidence) · infants not selected for allergic disease risk.

It is very uncertain whether early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula changes cow's milk allergy ‐ childhood (incidence) compared with human milk feeding ‐ low‐risk infants (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula vs cow's milk formula

All allergic disease ‐ childhood (incidence) · infants not selected for allergic disease risk.

It is very uncertain whether early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula changes all allergic disease ‐ childhood (incidence) compared with cow's milk formula ‐ low‐risk infants (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula vs cow's milk formula

Asthma ‐ childhood (incidence) · infants not selected for allergic disease risk.

It is very uncertain whether early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula changes asthma ‐ childhood (incidence) compared with cow's milk formula ‐ low‐risk infants (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula vs cow's milk formula

Eczema ‐ childhood (incidence) · infants not selected for allergic disease risk.

It is very uncertain whether early short‐term feeding: hydrolysed formula changes eczema ‐ childhood (incidence) compared with cow's milk formula ‐ low‐risk infants (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review