Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

277 questions · 281 findings · 52 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems

No studies found 54 · 19.2%GRADE not reported 13 · 4.6%Very low 64 · 22.8%Low 71 · 25.3%Moderate 69 · 24.6%High 10 · 3.6%

Summary of findings: lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) vs multiple micronutrients (MMN)

Low birth weight (< 2.5 kg) · pregnant women

Summary of findings: lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) showed no clear difference in low birth weight (< 2500 g) compared with multiple micronutrients (MMN) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) vs multiple micronutrients (MMN)

Small‐for‐gestational age · pregnant women

Summary of findings: lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) showed no clear difference in small‐for‐gestational age compared with multiple micronutrients (MMN) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) vs iron folic acid (IFA)

Maternal anaemia at term or near term (haemoglobin (Hb) less than 110 g/L) · pregnant women

Summary of findings: lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) probably leads to higher maternal anaemia at term or near term (haemoglobin (Hb) less than… compared with iron folic acid (IFA) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) vs iron folic acid (IFA)

Maternal death · pregnant women

Summary of findings: lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) showed no clear difference in maternal mortality (measured at six weeks postpartum) compared with iron folic acid (IFA) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) vs iron folic acid (IFA)

Low birth weight (< 2.5 kg) · pregnant women

Summary of findings: lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) showed no clear difference in low birth weight (< 2500 g) compared with iron folic acid (IFA) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) vs iron folic acid (IFA)

Small‐for‐gestational age · pregnant women

Summary of findings: lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) probably leads to lower small‐for‐gestational age compared with iron folic acid (IFA) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) vs multiple micronutrients (MMN)

Maternal anaemia at term or near term (haemoglobin (Hb) less than 110 g/L) · pregnant women

Summary of findings: lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) probably leads to higher maternal anaemia at term or near term (haemoglobin (Hb) less than… compared with multiple micronutrients (MMN) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Anaemia at end of therapy (total), as defined by trial authors · menstruating women (non‐pregnant women of reproductive age)

The intervention probably leads to lower anaemia at end of therapy (total), as defined by trial authors (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Abdominal pain (total), events during study, as defined and reported by trial authors · menstruating women (non‐pregnant women of reproductive age)

The intervention showed no clear difference in abdominal pain (total), events during study, as defined and reported… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Iron deficiency at end of therapy (total), as defined by trial authors · menstruating women (non‐pregnant women of reproductive age)

The intervention probably leads to lower iron deficiency at end of therapy (total), as defined by trial authors (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Any adverse side effects (total), as defined and reported by trial authors · menstruating women (non‐pregnant women of reproductive age)

The intervention showed no clear difference in any adverse side effects (total), as defined and reported by trial… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

GI side effects (total), events during study, as defined and reported by trial authors · menstruating women (non‐pregnant women of reproductive age)

The intervention may leads to higher GI side effects (total), events during study, as defined and… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review