Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

149 questions · 153 findings · 18 reviews

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No studies found 22 · 14.4%GRADE not reported 30 · 19.6%Very low 29 · 19%Low 44 · 28.8%Moderate 27 · 17.6%High 1 · 0.7%

Oral valproic acid plus acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo

Change in pulmonary function · non‐ambulatory children with SMA types II and III

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 24 participants
Low

Pilocarpine vs placebo

Other oral symptoms (oral discomfort, dysphonia) · Patients with radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction

1 finding from 1 review

Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Both studies assessed oral discomfort and dysphonia (Johnson 1993; LeVeque 1993); pilocarpine reported to improve associated symptoms of salivary gland dysfunction (oral discomfort, dysphonia). No pooled data.
2 studies · 278 participants
GRADE not reported

Pilocarpine vs Artificial saliva

Other oral symptoms (dysgeusia, dysphagia) · Patients with radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction

1 finding from 1 review

Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Davies 1994 assessed dysgeusia and dysphagia; pilocarpine reported more effective than mucin-based artificial saliva for dysgeusia. No pooled data.
1 study · 20 participants
GRADE not reported

Itraconazole vs Fluconazole

Toxicity (adverse events probably due to drug) · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 studies, 232 participants; effect not estimable
2 studies · 232 participants
GRADE not reported

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Disease‐specific quality of life · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

Anticholinergics showed no clear difference in mean change from baseline in condition‐specific quality of lifeScale… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 4.41
12 studies · 6804 participants
Low

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Perception of improvement or cure · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

Anticholinergics probably leads to higher patient perception of cure or improvement compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.38 [1.15, 1.66]
9 studies · 8457 participants
Moderate

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Number of urgency episodes per 24 hours: immediately after treatment · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

Anticholinergics showed no clear difference in mean number of urgency episodes per 24 hours compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.85
23 studies · 16875 participants
Moderate

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Adverse effects: dry mouth · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

Anticholinergics may leads to higher adverse events: dry mouth compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.5 [3.26, 3.75]
66 studies · 38368 participants
Low

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Adverse events:urinary retention · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

Anticholinergics may leads to higher adverse events:urinary retention compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.52 [2.04, 6.08]
17 studies · 7862 participants
Low

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

Anticholinergics may leads to higher withdrawal due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.37 [1.21, 1.56]
61 studies · 36943 participants
Low

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Number of micturition episodes per 24 hours: immediately after treatment · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

Anticholinergics showed no clear difference in mean number of micturitions per 24 hours compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.85
30 studies · 19395 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Proportion of patients who are seizure free between 4‐40 weeks · Patients with a clinical and EEG diagnosis of BECTS

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes proportion of patients who are seizure free between 4‐40 weeks (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison of antiepileptic drugs, no treatment, or placebo for children with benign epilepsy with centro temporal… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04
1 study · 432 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Proportion of patients with an adverse event · Patients between three and 12 years old with clinical and EEG diagnosis of BECTS

The intervention showed no clear difference in proportion of patients with an adverse event (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison of antiepileptic drugs, no treatment, or placebo for children with benign epilepsy with centro temporal… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.78 [0.15, 4.15]
1 study · 39 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Changes in cognitive function · Patients between three and 12 years old with clinical and EEG diagnosis of BECTS

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison of antiepileptic drugs, no treatment, or placebo for children with benign epilepsy with centro temporal… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 39 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Proportion of patients who are seizure free at 28 weeks · Patients between five and 15 years old with a diagnosis of BECTS

The intervention showed no clear difference in proportion of patients who are seizure free at 28 weeks (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison of antiepileptic drugs, no treatment, or placebo for children with benign epilepsy with centro temporal… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.77, 1.25]
1 study · 112 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Proportion of patients with an adverse event: · Patients between five and 15 years old with a diagnosis of BECTS

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison of antiepileptic drugs, no treatment, or placebo for children with benign epilepsy with centro temporal… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 112 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Proportion of patients with a particular or serious adverse event: 1. Somnolence 2. Rash · Patients between five and 15 years old with a diagnosis of BECTS

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison of antiepileptic drugs, no treatment, or placebo for children with benign epilepsy with centro temporal… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 112 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Changes in cognitive function testing from baseline (28 weeks trial period) · Patients between five and 15 years old with a diagnosis of BECTS

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison of antiepileptic drugs, no treatment, or placebo for children with benign epilepsy with centro temporal… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 88 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Proportion of patients who are seizure free at 3 months · Patients between three and 10 years old with a diagnosis of BECTS

The intervention probably leads to higher proportion of patients who are seizure free at 3 months (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison of antiepileptic drugs, no treatment, or placebo for children with benign epilepsy with centro temporal… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.26 [1.48, 3.44]
1 study · 66 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Proportion of patients who are seizure free at 6 months · Patients between three and 10 years old with a diagnosis of BECTS

The intervention probably leads to higher proportion of patients who are seizure free at 6 months (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison of antiepileptic drugs, no treatment, or placebo for children with benign epilepsy with centro temporal… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.63 [1.43, 4.86]
1 study · 66 participants
Moderate