Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,695 questions · 4,979 findings · 433 reviews

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No studies found 998 · 20%GRADE not reported 1,140 · 22.9%Very low 1,024 · 20.6%Low 1,029 · 20.7%Moderate 636 · 12.8%High 152 · 3.1%

Oral beta‐estradiol vs conjugated equine estrogens

Frequency of hot flushes Oral beta‐estradiol 1.0 and 2.0 mg/day vs CEE 0.625 or 1.25 mg/day · women with hot flushes

1 finding from 1 review

Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 102 participants
Very low

Oral beta‐estradiol vs conjugated equine estrogens

Adverse events Oral beta‐estradiol 1.0 or 2.0 mg/day vs CEE 0.625 or 1.25 mg/day · women with hot flushes

1 finding from 1 review

Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 103 participants
Very low

Oral beta‐estradiol vs placebo

Hot flush frequency (number/day) · women with hot flushes

Oral beta‐estradiol showed no clear difference in frequency of hot flushes Oral beta‐estradiol 0.5‐1.0 mg/day compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 356 participants
Low

Oral beta‐estradiol vs placebo

Adverse effects Oral beta‐estradiol 0.5‐2.0 mg/day · women with hot flushes

1 finding from 1 review

Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 433 participants
Low

Systemic oral acyclovir vs placebo or no treatment

Duration and time of healing of intraoral (oral) lesions; number of individuals with oral lesions · Children and young adults under 25 years with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (with or without herpes labialis)

Systemic oral acyclovir led to lower number of individuals with oral lesions (8 days after… compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Acyclovir for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes
8 days after administration
RR 0.10 [0.02, 0.38]
1 study · 72 participants
GRADE not reported

Systemic oral acyclovir vs placebo or no treatment

Duration and time of healing of extraoral lesions; development of new extraoral lesions · Children and young adults under 25 years with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (with or without herpes labialis)

Systemic oral acyclovir led to lower number of individuals who developed new extraoral lesions after… compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Acyclovir for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes
After administration
RR 0.04 [0.00, 0.65]
1 study · 72 participants
GRADE not reported

Oral stimulation vs non‐oral intervention

Time (days) spent in NICU ‐ not reported · preterm infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral stimulation for promoting oral feeding in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral stimulation vs non‐oral intervention

Length of hospital stay · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Oral stimulation for promoting oral feeding in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 591 participants
Low

Oral stimulation vs non‐oral intervention

Duration (days) of parenteral nutrition · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Oral stimulation for promoting oral feeding in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 268 participants
Very low

Early oral feeding vs delayed oral feeding

Postoperative ileus · Women who had major abdominal gynaecologic surgery

Early oral feeding showed no clear difference in postoperative ileus compared with delayed oral feeding (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus delayed oral fluids and food for reducing complications after major abdominal gynaecologic surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.47 [0.17, 1.29]
3 studies · 279 participants
Moderate

Early oral feeding vs delayed oral feeding

Maternal nausea and/or vomiting · Women who had major abdominal gynaecologic surgery

Early oral feeding showed no clear difference in nausea or vomiting or both compared with delayed oral feeding (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus delayed oral fluids and food for reducing complications after major abdominal gynaecologic surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.64, 1.67]
4 studies · 484 participants
Moderate

Early oral feeding vs delayed oral feeding

Time to bowel sounds [days] · Women who had major abdominal gynaecologic surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus delayed oral fluids and food for reducing complications after major abdominal gynaecologic surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 338 participants
Moderate

Early oral feeding vs delayed oral feeding

Time from completion of operation to first flatus (hours) · Women who had major abdominal gynaecologic surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus delayed oral fluids and food for reducing complications after major abdominal gynaecologic surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 444 participants
High

Early oral feeding vs delayed oral feeding

Postoperative time to solid diets (days) · Women who had major abdominal gynaecologic surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus delayed oral fluids and food for reducing complications after major abdominal gynaecologic surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 301 participants
Moderate

Early oral feeding vs delayed oral feeding

Time to first BM (№ women with 1st BM on day 2 after delivery) · Women who had major abdominal gynaecologic surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus delayed oral fluids and food for reducing complications after major abdominal gynaecologic surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 249 participants
Moderate

Early oral feeding vs delayed oral feeding

Length of hospital stay · Women who had major abdominal gynaecologic surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus delayed oral fluids and food for reducing complications after major abdominal gynaecologic surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 484 participants
Moderate

Prophylactic aciclovir (oral or intravenous) vs placebo

Presence/absence of HSV oral lesions · Patients being treated for cancer (predominantly haematological malignancies)

Prophylactic aciclovir (oral or intravenous) led to lower presence/absence of HSV oral lesions compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer 2009 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.16 [0.08, 0.31]
9 studies · 398 participants
GRADE not reported

Intraoral device releasing Biotene Oral Balance gel vs Manually administered bolus of the same gel

Salivary flow / oral health · Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy,…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the management of dry mouth: topical therapies 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
No difference between device and bolus in unstimulated whole saliva, oral microbial profile or generalised inflammation.
1 study · 22 participants
GRADE not reported

Professional oral care vs Usual oral care

Incidence of NHAP · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities

1 finding from 1 review

Oral care measures for preventing nursing home‐acquired pneumonia 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
8-30 months
Incidence of NHAP, follow-up 8-30 months, 5018 (5 studies), Low. Not pooled (individual and cluster-randomised designs, varying effect measures and follow-up). Component estimates: Bourigault HR 0.65 (0.29 to 1.46;…
5 studies · 5018 participants
Low

Professional oral care vs Usual oral care

Mortality (all‐cause) · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities

1 finding from 1 review

Oral care measures for preventing nursing home‐acquired pneumonia 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
12-30 months
All-cause mortality, follow-up 12-30 months, 3764 (3 studies), Very low. Not pooled. Adachi RR 0.80 (0.40 to 1.58; 88); Juthani-Mehta HR 1.16 (0.88 to 1.53; 834); Zimmerman adjusted IRR 0.83 (0.61 to 1.12; 1606).…
3 studies · 3764 participants
Very low