Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,587 questions · 5,761 findings · 495 reviews

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No studies found 1,011 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 1,797 · 31.2%Very low 1,100 · 19.1%Low 1,052 · 18.3%Moderate 649 · 11.3%High 152 · 2.6%

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Oral vs vaginal administration of oestradiol and dydrogesterone

Uterine perfusion · women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) awaiting oocyte donation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral vs vaginal administration of oestradiol and dydrogesterone

Reproductive outcomes · women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) awaiting oocyte donation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral vs vaginal administration of oestradiol and dydrogesterone

Adverse events · women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) awaiting oocyte donation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral vs topical antibiotics

Active trachoma · people (any age) with active trachoma

Oral showed no clear difference in active trachoma Clinical assessment: active trachoma defined as TF,… compared with topical antibiotic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for trachoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.81, 1.16]
6 studies · 953 participants
Low

Oral vs topical antibiotics

Ocular chlamydia trachomatis infection · people (any age) with active trachoma

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for trachoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 298 participants
Very low

Oral vs topical antibiotics

Antibiotic resistance · people (any age) with active trachoma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for trachoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral vs topical antibiotics

Adverse effects · people (any age) with active trachoma

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for trachoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 1583 participants
Low

Oral vs intravenous acetylcysteine

All‐cause mortality · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 66 participants
Very low

Oral vs intravenous acetylcysteine

Hepatotoxicity · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral vs intravenous acetylcysteine

Nausea · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose

It is very uncertain whether oral changes nausea compared with intravenous acetylcysteine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.71 [1, 7.38]
1 study · 66 participants
Very low

Oral vs intravenous acetylcysteine

Vomiting · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose

It is very uncertain whether oral changes vomiting compared with intravenous acetylcysteine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.1 [0.62, 7.12]
1 study · 66 participants
Very low

Oral beta‐estradiol vs conjugated equine estrogens

Frequency of hot flushes Oral beta‐estradiol 1.0 and 2.0 mg/day vs CEE 0.625 or 1.25 mg/day · women with hot flushes

1 finding from 1 review

Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 102 participants
Very low

Oral beta‐estradiol vs conjugated equine estrogens

Adverse events Oral beta‐estradiol 1.0 or 2.0 mg/day vs CEE 0.625 or 1.25 mg/day · women with hot flushes

1 finding from 1 review

Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 103 participants
Very low

Oral beta‐estradiol vs placebo

Hot flush frequency (number/day) · women with hot flushes

Oral beta‐estradiol showed no clear difference in frequency of hot flushes Oral beta‐estradiol 0.5‐1.0 mg/day compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 356 participants
Low

Oral beta‐estradiol vs placebo

Adverse effects Oral beta‐estradiol 0.5‐2.0 mg/day · women with hot flushes

1 finding from 1 review

Bioidentical hormones for women with vasomotor symptoms 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 433 participants
Low

Oral stimulation vs non‐oral intervention

Time (days) spent in NICU ‐ not reported · preterm infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral stimulation for promoting oral feeding in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral stimulation vs non‐oral intervention

Length of hospital stay · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Oral stimulation for promoting oral feeding in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 591 participants
Low

Oral stimulation vs non‐oral intervention

Duration (days) of parenteral nutrition · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Oral stimulation for promoting oral feeding in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 268 participants
Very low

Dental caries (carious oral microbiome) vs Caries-free / healthy oral microbiome

Differential microbial abundance / taxa predictive of caries · Individuals providing oral (saliva/supragingival plaque) 16S rRNA microbiome samples; 2016 samples from 19 studies (mixed children and…

A group of genera/species (notably Selenomonas, Aggregatibacter, Actinomyces, Treponema) was predictive of caries, whereas Streptococcus was not (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Meta-analysis of caries microbiome studies can improve upon disease prediction outcomes. 2022 All outcomes
Oral cavity microbiome (saliva and supragingival plaque samples); pooled across 19 international studies
Mean-decrease-accuracy discriminating taxa: Capnocytophaga HMT-338, Lactobacillus panis, Treponema HMT-230, Bifidobacterium longum, Delftia acidovorans, Staphylococcus schleiferi; higher log2FC in caries: Selenomonas HMT-146, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Actinomyces HMT-896, Treponema HMT-257; Streptococcus not predictive
19 studies · 2016 participants
GRADE not reported

Dental caries (carious oral microbiome) vs Caries-free / healthy oral microbiome

Alpha diversity (Chao1, Observed, Shannon) · Adults providing oral (saliva/supragingival plaque) 16S rRNA microbiome samples

In adults, caries-vs-health alpha diversity differed for the Shannon index but not Chao1/Observed (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Meta-analysis of caries microbiome studies can improve upon disease prediction outcomes. 2022 All outcomes
Oral cavity microbiome (saliva and supragingival plaque samples); pooled across 19 international studies · Adults
In adults, there was no significant caries-vs-health difference in Chao1 or Observed diversity, whereas the Shannon index differed significantly (p < 0.001).
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported