Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,310 questions · 1,358 findings · 214 reviews

No studies found 230 · 16.9%GRADE not reported 169 · 12.4%Very low 269 · 19.8%Low 277 · 20.4%Moderate 291 · 21.4%High 122 · 9%

Tracheal suction vs no tracheal suction

Moderate to severe hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) · non‐vigorous neonates born through meconium‐stained amniotic fluid

It is very uncertain whether tracheal suction changes moderate to severe hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) compared with no tracheal suction (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

Number of people experiencing at least 1 exacerbation/moderate to severe exacerbation · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) changes number of people experiencing at least 1 exacerbation/moderate to… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs control

Exacerbations: number of people experiencing moderate or severe exacerbations · COPD

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component intervention changes exacerbations: number of people experiencing moderate or severe… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with 24-month recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Dental caries: prevalence of moderate to extensive caries (ICDAS 3-6) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with 24-month recall showed no clear difference in dental caries: prevalence of moderate to extensive caries (ICDAS 3-6) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Imiquimod vs MAL‐PDT

Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin

Imiquimod cream probably leads to lower pain (moderate/severe) compared with MAL‐PDT (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Imiquimod vs surgical excision

Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin

Imiquimod showed no clear difference in pain (moderate/severe) compared with surgical excision (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Chronic lung disease ‒moderate to severe BPD · infants below 33 weeks of postmenstrual age who required resuscitation in the delivery room

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes chronic lung disease ‒moderate to severe BPD (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations

Chronic lung disease ‐ moderate to severe BPD · preterm infants resuscitated by PPV at birth

Use of initial sustained inflation showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease ‒moderate to severe BPD compared with standard inflations (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cooling treatment (ice pack) vs no treatment

Perineal pain within 24 hours of giving birth ‐ Moderate + severe pain · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack or cold gel pad) changes perineal pain within 24 hours of giving birth ‐ Moderate + severe pain compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review