Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,822 questions · 1,891 findings · 321 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 279 · 14.8%GRADE not reported 46 · 2.4%Very low 524 · 27.7%Low 571 · 30.2%Moderate 330 · 17.5%High 141 · 7.5%

Lower‐dose methylnaltrexone vs higher dose

Laxation response: patient assessment of change in bowel status at the end of trial · people receiving palliative care irrespective of whether they had cancer with opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction

Methylnaltrexone lower dose showed no clear difference in laxation response: patient assessment of change in bowel statusgat… compared with higher dose (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower‐dose methylnaltrexone vs higher dose

Symptoms of opioid withdrawal in the medium term · people receiving palliative care irrespective of whether they had cancer with opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction

Methylnaltrexone lower dose showed no clear difference in symptoms of opioid withdrawal in the medium term compared with higher dose (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower‐dose methylnaltrexone vs higher dose

Adverse events · people receiving palliative care irrespective of whether they had cancer with opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction

Methylnaltrexone lower dose showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with higher dose (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower blood pressure targets vs standard blood pressure targets

Total serious adverse events · cardiovascular disease with high blood pressure

Lower blood pressure targets showed no clear difference in total serious adverse events compared with standard blood pressure targets (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower blood pressure targets vs standard blood pressure targets

Cardiovascular mortality · cardiovascular disease with high blood pressure

Lower blood pressure targets showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality compared with standard blood pressure targets (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower blood pressure targets vs standard blood pressure targets

Withdrawals due to adverse events · cardiovascular disease with high blood pressure

It is very uncertain whether lower blood pressure targets changes participant withdrawals due to adverse effects compared with standard blood pressure targets (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chemotherapy plus lower‐dose radiation vs same chemotherapy plus higher‐dose radiation

Secondary malignant neoplasms · Patients with untreated Hodgkin lymphoma (early stages)

Chemotherapy plus lower‐dose radiation showed no clear difference in secondary malignant neoplasms compared with same chemotherapy plus higher‐dose radiation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chemotherapy plus lower‐dose radiation vs same chemotherapy plus higher‐dose radiation

Death · Patients with untreated Hodgkin lymphoma (early stages)

Chemotherapy plus lower‐dose radiation showed no clear difference in death compared with same chemotherapy plus higher‐dose radiation (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chemotherapy plus lower‐dose radiation vs same chemotherapy plus higher‐dose radiation

Progression/relapse · Patients with untreated Hodgkin lymphoma (early stages)

Chemotherapy plus lower‐dose radiation showed no clear difference in progression/relapse compared with same chemotherapy plus higher‐dose radiation (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) vs OTHER DOSES

Leaving the study early (2‐10 weeks) vs. standard higher dose (> 7.5‐15 mg/day) · people with the acute phase of schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) changes leaving the study early (2‐10 weeks) vs. standard higher dose (>… compared with OTHER DOSES (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) vs OTHER DOSES

Global state: No clinically significant response (as defined by the original studies) · people with the acute phase of schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) changes global state: 1. No clinically significant response in global state… compared with OTHER DOSES (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) vs OTHER DOSES

Global state: 1. No clinically significant response in global state (2‐10 weeks) vs. high dose (> 15‐35 mg/day) · people with the acute phase of schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) changes global state: 1. No clinically significant response in global state… compared with OTHER DOSES (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) vs OTHER DOSES

Adverse effects: 1. Clinically significant extrapyramidal side effects (2‐10 weeks) vs. standard higher dose (> 7.5‐15 mg/day) · people with the acute phase of schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) changes adverse effects: 1. Clinically significant extrapyramidal side… compared with OTHER DOSES (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) vs OTHER DOSES

Adverse effects: 1. Clinically significant extrapyramidal side effects (2‐10 weeks) vs. high dose (> 15‐35 mg/day) · people with the acute phase of schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) changes adverse effects: 1. Clinically significant extrapyramidal side… compared with OTHER DOSES (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review