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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

151 questions · 182 findings · 35 reviews · Tobacco Addiction

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No studies found 8 · 4.4%GRADE not reported 1 · 0.5%Very low 53 · 29.1%Low 67 · 36.8%Moderate 39 · 21.4%High 14 · 7.7%

Intervention not reported

Quitline enrolment Proportion of smokers enrolled in quitline · Smokers
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Prescription of NRT or other pharmacotherapy Proportion of smokers received NRT prescription · Smokers
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Long‐term change in health status · Smokers who cannot or do not want to quit smoking
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cessation: NRT vs placebo · Smokers who cannot or do not want to quit smoking

The intervention may leads to higher cessation: NRT vs placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cessation: Bupropion vs. placebo · Smokers who cannot or do not want to quit smoking

The intervention showed no clear difference in cessation: Bupropion vs. placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cessation: Varenicline vs placebo · Smokers who cannot or do not want to quit smoking

The intervention showed no clear difference in cessation: Varenicline vs placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cessation: Ecigs vs placebo · Smokers who cannot or do not want to quit smoking

The intervention showed no clear difference in cessation: Ecigs vs placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cessation: Snus vs placebo · Smokers who cannot or do not want to quit smoking

The intervention showed no clear difference in cessation: Snus vs placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cessation: Low‐nicotine cigarettes vs regular cigarettes · Smokers who cannot or do not want to quit smoking

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes cessation: Low‐nicotine cigarettes vs regular cigarettes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cessation: Behavioural reduction advice vs health mailings · Smokers who cannot or do not want to quit smoking

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes cessation: Behavioural reduction advice vs health mailings (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Proportion of participants abstinent ‐ long‐term (> 6 months) assessed via self report +/‐ biochemical verification · consumers of tobacco living with HIV and AIDS

The intervention showed no clear difference in proportion of participants abstinent ‐ long‐term (> 6 months)… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Proportion of participants abstinent ‐ short‐term (> 4 weeks to < 6 months) assessed via self report +/‐ biochemical verification · consumers of tobacco living with HIV and AIDS

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes proportion of participants abstinent ‐ short‐term (> 4 weeks to < 6… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural intervention vs control

Smoking cessation at time of surgery ‐ Intensive behavioural intervention (multiple contacts, initiated at least 4 weeks before surgery) · People awaiting surgery

Behavioural intervention probably leads to higher smoking cessation at time of surgery ‐ Intensive behavioural… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural intervention vs control

Smoking cessation at time of surgery ‐ Brief behavioural intervention · People awaiting surgery

Behavioural intervention leads to higher smoking cessation at time of surgery ‐ Brief behavioural intervention compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural intervention vs control

Postoperative morbidity: Any complication ‐ Intensive intervention · People awaiting surgery

Behavioural intervention probably leads to lower postoperative morbidity: Any complication ‐ Intensive intervention compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural intervention vs control

Postoperative morbidity: Any complication ‐ Brief intervention · People awaiting surgery

Behavioural intervention showed no clear difference in postoperative morbidity: Any complication ‐ Brief intervention compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review